{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:26:44Z","timestamp":1772828804901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1253939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1253939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxygen deprivation swiftly damages tissues in most animals, yet some species show remarkable abilities to tolerate little or even no oxygen. Painted turtles exhibit a development-dependent tolerance that allows adults to survive anoxia \u223c4x longer than hatchlings: adults survive \u223c170 days and hatchlings survive \u223c40 days at 3\u00b0C. We hypothesized this difference is related to development-dependent differences in ventricular gene expression. Using a comparative ontogenetic approach, we examined whole transcriptomic changes before, during, and five days after a 20-day bout of anoxic submergence at 3\u00b0C. Ontogeny accounted for more gene expression differences than treatment (anoxia or recovery): 1,175 vs. 237 genes, respectively. Of the 237 differences, 93 could confer protection against anoxia and reperfusion injury, 68 could be injurious, and 20 may be constitutively protective. Especially striking during anoxia was the expression pattern of all 76 annotated ribosomal protein (R-protein) mRNAs, which decreased in anoxia-tolerant adults, but increased in anoxia-sensitive hatchlings, suggesting adult-specific regulation of translational suppression. These genes, along with 60 others that decreased their levels in adults and either increased or remained unchanged in hatchlings, implicate antagonistic pleiotropy as a mechanism to resolve the long-standing question about why hatchling painted turtles overwinter in terrestrial nests, rather than emerge and overwinter in water during their first year. In sum, developmental differences in the transcriptome of the turtle ventricle revealed potentially protective mechanisms that contribute to extraordinary adult-specific anoxia tolerance, and provide a unique perspective on differences between the anoxia-induced molecular responses of anoxia-tolerant or anoxia-sensitive phenotypes within a species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.213918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T14:55:15Z","timestamp":1576853715000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development-specific transcriptomic profiling suggests new mechanisms for anoxic survival in the ventricle of overwintering turtles"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Cornelia E.","family":"Fanter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8786-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah W.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, 501 East St. Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5919-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredric J.","family":"Janzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 1479 Gortner Ave. Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-7411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042623252551700_JEB213918C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(69)90019-X","article-title":"Regulations during survival without oxygen in infant mammals","volume":"7","author":"Adolph","year":"1969","journal-title":"Respir. 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