{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:24:32Z","timestamp":1787311472234,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006445","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS-1354549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-1354549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>In most vertebrates, a lack of oxygen quickly leads to irreparable damages to vital organs, such as the brain and heart. However, there are some vertebrates that have evolved mechanisms to survive periods of no oxygen (anoxia). The annual killifish (Austrofundulus limnaeus) survives in ephemeral ponds in the coastal deserts of Venezuela and their embryos have the remarkable ability to tolerate anoxia for months. When exposed to anoxia, embryos of A. limnaeus respond by producing significant amounts of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This study aims to understand the role of GABA in supporting the metabolic response to anoxia. To explore this, we investigated four developmentally distinct stages of A. limnaeus embryos that vary in their anoxia tolerance. We measured GABA and lactate concentrations across development in response to anoxia and aerobic recovery. We then inhibited enzymes responsible for the production and degradation of GABA and observed GABA and lactate concentrations, as well as embryo mortality. Here, we show for the first time that GABA metabolism affects anoxia tolerance in A. limnaeus embryos. Inhibition of enzymes responsible for GABA production (glutamate decarboxylase) and degradation (GABA-transaminase and succinic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase) led to decreased mortality, supporting a role for GABA as an intermediate product and not a metabolic end product. We propose multiple roles for GABA during anoxia and aerobic recovery in A. limnaeus embryos, serving as a neurotransmitter, an energy source, and an antioxidant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.229716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T11:30:12Z","timestamp":1598614212000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["GABA metabolism is crucial for long-term survival of anoxia in annual killifish embryos"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Zajic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA"},{"name":"Health, Human Performance, and Athletics Department, Linfield University, 900 SE Baker, McMinnville, OR 97128, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason E.","family":"Podrabsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn920","article-title":"Excitatory actions of GABA during development: the nature of the nurture","volume":"3","author":"Ben-Ari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2011.01596.x","article-title":"Mechanism of action of vigabatrin: correcting misperceptions","volume":"124","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.97","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of lactate after cerebral ischemia","volume":"29","author":"Berthet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.18.3171","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia","volume":"204","author":"Boutilier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2020.01.002","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations to anoxia and reoxygenation: new lessons from freshwater turtles and crucian carp","volume":"11","author":"Bundgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opinion Endocr. Metab. Res."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.2948","article-title":"GABA shunt mediates thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by reducing reactive oxygen production","volume":"30","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Chapman","year":"1995","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.085381"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.632","article-title":"Aerobic and anaerobic capacities differ in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus that develop on alternate developmental trajectories","volume":"313A","author":"Chennault","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. A. Ecol. Genet. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007103200","article-title":"Expression of a glutamate decarboxylase homologue is required for normal oxidative stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"276","author":"Coleman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.12.015","article-title":"Differential neuroprotective effects for three GABA-potentiating compounds in a model of hypoxia\u2013ischemia","volume":"1035","author":"Gilby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00695783","article-title":"Glycogen synthesis from lactate in skeletal muscle of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis","volume":"156","author":"Gleeson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00028-9","article-title":"Effects of anticonvulsant drug gabapentin on the enzymes in metabolic pathways of glutamate and GABA","volume":"22","author":"Goldlust","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.8.1233","article-title":"Quiescence in Artemia franciscana embryos: reversible arrest of metabolism and gene expression at low oxygen levels","volume":"201","author":"Hand","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01096-3","article-title":"Extracellular levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during anoxia and forced energy deficiency in crucian carp brain","volume":"823","author":"Hylland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88667","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088667","article-title":"A fluorescence-coupled assay for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) reveals metabolic stress-induced modulation of GABA content in neuroendocrine cancer","volume":"9","author":"Ippolito","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.17.2295","article-title":"Lactate accumulation in the shell of the turtle Chrysemys picta bellii during anoxia at 3\u00b0C and 10\u00b0C","volume":"200","author":"Jackson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(82)90071-8","article-title":"Plasma ion balance of submerged anoxic turtles at 3\u00b0C: the role of calcium lactate formation","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1564","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.6.R1564","article-title":"Bone and shell contribution to lactic acid buffering of submerged turtles Chrysemys picta bellii at 3\u00b0C","volume":"278","author":"Jackson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/374814a0","article-title":"Programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen","volume":"374","author":"Jacobson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3443","article-title":"Hypoxia\/hypoglycemia-induced amino acid release is decreased in vitro by preconditioning","volume":"276","author":"Johns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21250","article-title":"L-Lactate protects neurons against excitotoxicity: implication of an ATP-mediated signaling cascade","volume":"6","author":"Jourdain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005538","article-title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors: a comprehensive review of the pharmacology, mechanism of action, substrate specificity, and clinical application","volume":"64","author":"Koppaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202474099","article-title":"Hypoxia and acidosis activate cardiac myocyte death through the Bcl-2 family protein BNIP3","volume":"99","author":"Kubasiak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.085381","article-title":"No oxygen? No problem! Intrinsic brain tolerance to hypoxia in vertebrates","author":"Larson","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks066","article-title":"Lactate, a product of glycolytic metabolism, inhibits histone deacetylase activity and promotes changes in gene expression","volume":"40","author":"Latham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01056","article-title":"Negotiating brain anoxia survival in the turtle","volume":"207","author":"Lutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2004.03.013","article-title":"Vertebrate brains at the pilot light","volume":"141","author":"Lutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075837","article-title":"Avoidance of apoptosis in embryonic cells of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus exposed to anoxia","volume":"8","author":"Meller","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-012-0672-9","article-title":"Cell cycle arrest associated with anoxia-induced quiescence, anoxic preconditioning, and embryonic diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"182","author":"Meller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.12.008","article-title":"N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) as a substrate and mechanism-based inhibitor for human ALDH isoenzymes","volume":"234","author":"Morgan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem-Biol. Interact."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.164.1.243","article-title":"Evidence for a role of GABA in metabolic depression during anoxia in crucian carp (Carassius carassius)","volume":"164","author":"Nilsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R32","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1991.261.1.R32","article-title":"Release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in response to anoxia in turtle brain","volume":"261","author":"Nilsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200405000-00001","article-title":"Anoxia tolerant brains","volume":"24","author":"Nilsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00979","article-title":"Hypoxic survival strategies in two fishes: extreme anoxia tolerance in the North European crucian carp and natural hypoxic preconditioning in a coral-reef shark","volume":"207","author":"Nilsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.64.3.30158198","article-title":"Neurotransmitters and anoxic survival of the brain: a comparison of anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant vertebrates","volume":"64","author":"Nilsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102429108","article-title":"Endogenous GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated electrical suppression is critical to neuronal anoxia tolerance","volume":"108","author":"Pamenter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007598320759","article-title":"Husbandry of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus with special emphasis on the collection and rearing of embryos","volume":"54","author":"Podrabsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Biol. Fishes"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.19.2567","article-title":"The bioenergetics of embryonic diapause in an annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"202","author":"Podrabsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1086\/318106","article-title":"Depression of protein synthesis during diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"73","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003168704178","article-title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of ephemeral pond habitats in the Maracaibo basin and Llanos region of Venezuela","volume":"362","author":"Podrabsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.045906","article-title":"Alternative developmental pathways associated with diapause regulated by temperature and maternal influences in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"213","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.005116","article-title":"Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis","volume":"210","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1744","article-title":"Long-term survival of anoxia despite rapid ATP decline in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"317","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. A. Ecol. Genet. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Anoxia tolerance during vertebrate development \u2013 insights from studies on the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume-title":"Anoxia","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C44","first-page":"159","article-title":"Tolerance of environmental stress","volume-title":"Annual Fishes. Life History Strategy, Diversity, and Evolution","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24513","article-title":"Embryonic development of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus: an emerging model for ecological and evolutionary developmental biology research and instruction","volume":"246","author":"Podrabsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.90380.2008","article-title":"The major contribution of brain GABAergic function to anoxic survival","volume":"36","author":"Prentice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.08.016","article-title":"Hormonal components of altered developmental pathways in the annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"174","author":"Pri-Tal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701383","article-title":"Effect of chronic treatment with the GABA transaminase inhibitors \u03b3-vinyl GABA and ethanolamine O-sulphate on the in vitro GABA release from rat hippocampus","volume":"122","author":"Qume","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00016.2017","article-title":"Small noncoding RNA expression during extreme anoxia tolerance of annual killifish (Austrofundulus limnaeus) embryos","volume":"49","author":"Riggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00230","article-title":"Small non-coding RNA expression and extreme vertebrate anoxia tolerance","volume":"9","author":"Riggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13227-017-0069-7","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of maternally provisioned cues for phenotypic plasticity in the annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"8","author":"Romney","year":"2017","journal-title":"EvoDevo"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804590115","article-title":"Temperature dependent vitamin D signaling regulates developmental trajectory associated with diapause in an annual killifish","volume":"115","author":"Romney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202579","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell death in hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury","volume":"17","author":"Saikumar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00274.x","article-title":"\u03b3-Aminobutyric acidA neurotransmission and cerebral ischemia","volume":"77","author":"Schwartz-Bloom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C56","first-page":"385","article-title":"Persistent elevation of tissue GABA and serum gonadotropin concentrations by GABA transaminase inhibition in goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"2","author":"Sloley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1877-6","article-title":"Lactate and pyruvate promote oxidative stress resistance through hormetic ROS signaling","volume":"10","author":"Tauffenberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9695-4_2","article-title":"Anoxia resistance in lower and higher vertebrates","volume-title":"Innate Tolerance in the CNS","author":"Thompson","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.03.056","article-title":"Enzyme-based microtiter plate assay for \u03b3-aminobutyric acid: application to the screening of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-producing lactic acid bacteria","volume":"540","author":"Tsukatani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4539-7","article-title":"The genome of Austrofundulus limnaeus offers insights into extreme vertebrate stress tolerance and embryonic development","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb204347","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204347","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity and anoxia tolerance in Austrofundulus limnaeus embryos","volume":"222","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(91)90187-X","article-title":"Adaptation of an enzymatic fluorescence assay for L-glutamic acid decarboxylase","volume":"192","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.151373","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor signaling regulates developmental trajectory associated with diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus","volume":"220","author":"Woll","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401820202","article-title":"The developmental biology of annual fishes I. Stages in the normal development of Austrofundulus myersi Dahl","volume":"182","author":"Wourms","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401820310","article-title":"The developmental biology of annual fishes III. Pre-embryonic and embryonic diapause of variable duration in the eggs of annual fishes","volume":"182","author":"Wourms","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02630.2001","article-title":"GABA transaminase inhibition induces spontaneous and enhances depolarization-evoked GABA efflux via reversal of the GABA transporter","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1678-1","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation","volume":"574","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042700461922500_JEB229716C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0028-x","article-title":"Inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) by ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) induces treatment-resistant epileptic seizures in zebrafish","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.229716","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.229716\/1979764\/jeb229716.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.229716\/2067861\/jeb_229716v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.229716\/2067861\/jeb_229716v1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T18:15:13Z","timestamp":1621361713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.229716\/267741\/GABA-metabolism-is-crucial-for-long-term-survival"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.229716","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"article-number":"jeb.229716"}}