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During the transition to ex ovo life, thyroid hormone levels naturally increase, peaking at hatching, and then declining. To better understand the role of the natural increase in thyroid hormone at hatching in regulating the developmental trajectory of the Pekin duck's endothermic phenotype, we examined development of O2 consumption (V\u0307o2) and ventilation (frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation) while inhibiting the developmental increase in thyroid hormones that occurs at hatching via administration of the thyroid-peroxidase inhibitor methimazole (MMI) or accelerating the developmental increase via triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation. Animals were dosed only on day 24 of a 28-day incubation period and studied on incubation day 25, during external pipping (EP), and 1-day post hatching (dph). On day 25, there was an increase in V\u0307o2 in the hyperthyroid treatment compared with the other two treatments. During the EP stage, there was a significant effect of thyroid status on V\u0307o2 with hyperthyroid V\u0307o2 being highest and hypothyroid lowest. By 1dph, the supplemented T3 and control animals had similar V\u0307o2 responses to cooling with comparable thermal neutral zones followed by increased V\u0307o2. Hypothyroid 1dph hatchlings had a lower resting V\u0307o2 that did not increase to the same extent as the supplemented T3 and control animals during cooling. During EP, inhibiting the rise in T3 resulted in embryos with lower ventilation frequency and tidal volume than control and supplemented T3 embryos. At 1dph, ventilation frequency of all animals increased during cooling, but tidal volume only increased in supplemented T3 and control hatchlings. Our data supports the role of the late incubation increase in T3 in regulating the systemic development of endothermic metabolic capacity and associated control of ventilation occurring at hatching of the Pekin duck.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.237701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T15:31:16Z","timestamp":1602516676000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Manipulating plasma thyroid hormone levels at hatching alters development of endothermy and ventilation in Pekin duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos domestica<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Tushar S.","family":"Sirsat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle #305220, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward M.","family":"Dzialowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle #305220, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042701015702900_JEB237701C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12538","article-title":"Defending plasma T3 is a biological priority","volume":"81","author":"Abdalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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