{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:57:37Z","timestamp":1777651057199,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["458021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["458021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["411651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["411651"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In most vertebrates, anoxia drastically reduces the production of the essential adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to power its many necessary functions, and, consequently, cell death occurs within minutes. However, some vertebrates, such as the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii), have evolved the ability to survive months without oxygen by simultaneously decreasing ATP supply and demand, surviving the anoxic period without any apparent cellular damage. The impact of anoxia on the metabolic function of painted turtles has received a lot of attention. However, the impact of low temperature has received less attention and the interactive effect of anoxia and temperature even less. In the present study, we investigated the interactive impacts of reduced temperature and severe hypoxia on the electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons in painted turtle cerebral cortex. Our results show that an acute reduction in temperature from 20 to 5\u00b0C decreases membrane potential, action potential width and amplitude, and whole-cell conductance. Importantly, acute exposure to 5\u00b0C considerably slows membrane repolarization by voltage-gated K+ channels. Exposing pyramidal cells to severe hypoxia in addition to an acute temperature change slightly depolarized membrane potential but did not alter action potential amplitude or width and whole-cell conductance. These results suggest that acclimation to low temperatures, preceding severe environmental hypoxia, induces cellular responses in pyramidal neurons that facilitate survival under low oxygen concentrations. In particular, our results show that temperature acclimation invokes a change in voltage-gated K+ channel kinetics that overcomes the acute inhibition of the channel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.242793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T08:45:47Z","timestamp":1631177147000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exposure to low temperature prepares the turtle brain to withstand anoxic environments during overwintering"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3623-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Lari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G5"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie T.","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G5"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100608581419000_JEB242793C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03285-6","article-title":"The effects of cooling and rewarming on the neuronal activity of pyramidal neurons in guinea pig hippocampal slices","volume":"893","author":"Aihara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2021100608581419000_JEB242793C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-2102-z","article-title":"Global versus local mechanisms of temperature sensing in ion channels","volume":"470","author":"Arrigoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2021100608581419000_JEB242793C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.69.031905.162529","article-title":"Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability","volume":"69","author":"Bickler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. 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