{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:05:45Z","timestamp":1763535945585,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2014-05794","RGPAS-462242-2014","RGPIN-2020-07089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2014-05794","RGPAS-462242-2014","RGPIN-2020-07089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It has been hypothesised that insects display discontinuous gas-exchange cycles (DGCs) as a result of hysteresis in their ventilatory control, where CO2-sensitive respiratory chemoreceptors respond to changes in haemolymph PCO2\u00a0only after some delay. If correct, DGCs would be a manifestation of an unstable feedback loop between chemoreceptors and ventilation, causing PCO2\u00a0to oscillate around some fixed threshold value: PCO2\u00a0above this ventilatory threshold would stimulate excessive hyperventilation, driving PCO2\u00a0below the threshold and causing a subsequent apnoea. This hypothesis was tested by implanting micro-optodes into the haemocoel of Madagascar hissing cockroaches and measuring haemolymph PO2\u00a0and PCO2\u00a0simultaneously during continuous and discontinuous gas exchange. The mean haemolymph PCO2\u00a0of 1.9\u2005kPa measured during continuous gas exchange was assumed to represent the threshold level stimulating ventilation, and this was compared with PCO2\u00a0levels recorded during DGCs elicited by decapitation. Cockroaches were also exposed to hypoxic (PO2\u00a010\u2005kPa) and hypercapnic (PCO2\u00a02\u2005kPa) gas mixtures to manipulate haemolymph PO2\u00a0and PCO2. Decapitated cockroaches maintained DGCs even when their haemolymph PCO2\u00a0was forced above or below the putative \u223c2\u2005kPa ventilation threshold, demonstrating that the characteristic oscillation between apnoea and gas exchange is not driven by a lag between changing haemolymph PCO2\u00a0and a PCO2\u00a0chemoreceptor with a fixed ventilatory threshold. However, it was observed that the gas exchange periods within the DGC were altered to enhance O2 uptake and CO2 release during hypoxia and hypercapnia exposure. This indicates that while respiratory chemoreceptors do modulate ventilatory activity in response to haemolymph gas levels, their role in initiating or terminating the gas exchange periods within the DGC remains unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.242860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1641474192000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Discontinuous gas exchange in Madagascar hissing cockroaches is not a consequence of hysteresis around a fixed <i>P<\/i>CO2\u00a0threshold"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Tormod T. C.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Gutbrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, 93053Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0682-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip G. 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