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However, recent species-specific material properties research suggests that, despite relative thickness, the ankle extensor tendons of these small hoppers are considerably more compliant than had been assumed. With faster locomotor speeds demanding higher forces, a lower tendon stiffness suggests greater tendon deformation and thus a greater potential for elastic energy storage and return with increasing speed. Using the elastic modulus values specific to kangaroo rat tendons, we sought to determine how much elastic energy is stored and returned during hopping across a range of speeds. In vivo techniques were used to record tendon force in the ankle extensors during steady-speed hopping. Our data support the hypothesis that the ankle extensor tendons of kangaroo rats store and return elastic energy in relation to hopping speed, storing more at faster speeds. Despite storing comparatively less elastic energy than larger hoppers, this relationship between speed and energy storage offers novel evidence of a functionally similar energy storage mechanism, operating irrespective of body size or tendon thickness, across the distal muscle\u2013tendon units of both small and large bipedal hoppers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.242954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:22:35Z","timestamp":1642004555000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Elastic energy storage across speeds during steady-state hopping of desert kangaroo rats (<i>Dipodomys deserti<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1347-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"},{"name":"Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1666-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Janneke","family":"Schwaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig P.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"},{"name":"Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012012550603400_JEB242954C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/24.1.85","article-title":"Elastic energy stores in running vertebrates","volume":"24.1","author":"Alexander","year":"1984","journal-title":"Amer. 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