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Previous XROMM studies in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) have shown that more than 90% of suction power in high performance strikes comes from the axial musculature. Thus, the shape of the axial muscles and skeleton may affect suction feeding mechanics. Royal knifefish (Chitala blanci) have an unusual postcranial morphology, with a ventrally flexed vertebral column and relatively large mass of epaxial muscle. Based on their body shape, we hypothesized that royal knifefish would generate high power strikes by utilizing large neurocranial elevation, vertebral column extension and epaxial shortening. As predicted, C. blanci generated high suction expansion power compared with the other three species studied to date (up to 160\u2005W), which was achieved by increasing both the rate of volume change and the intraoral subambient pressure. The large epaxial muscle (25% of body mass) shortened at high velocities to produce large neurocranial elevation and vertebral extension (up to 41\u00a0deg, combined), as well as high muscle mass-specific power (up to 800\u2005W\u2005kg\u22121). For the highest power strikes, axial muscles generated 95% of the power, and 64% of the axial muscle mass consisted of the epaxial muscles. The epaxial-dominated suction expansion of royal knifefish supports our hypothesis that postcranial morphology may be a strong predictor of suction feeding biomechanics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.244294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T03:59:04Z","timestamp":1652241544000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Royal knifefish generate powerful suction feeding through large neurocranial elevation and high epaxial muscle power"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen Y.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology , , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elska B.","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology , , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology , , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"3D Anatomy Studios 2 , Providence, RI 02860, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0375-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Brainerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology , , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-4312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel L.","family":"Camp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology , , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences 3 Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science , , , Liverpool L7 8TX , UK"},{"name":"University of Liverpool 3 Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science , , , Liverpool L7 8TX , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060608462140900_JEB244294C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.182.1.191","article-title":"Myotomal muscle function at different locations in the body of a swimming fish","volume":"182","author":"Altringham","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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