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In ectotherms, changes to both metabolism and behaviour can help alleviate thermal stress. Nonetheless, no study in any ectotherm has yet empirically investigated how changing temperatures affect among-individual differences in the associations between these traits. Using the beadlet anemone (Actinia equina), an intertidal species from a thermally heterogeneous environment, we investigated how individual metabolic rates, linked to morphotypic differences in A. equina, and boldness were related across changing temperatures. A crossed-over design and a temporal control were used to test the same individuals at a non-stressful temperature, 13\u00b0C, and under a simulated heatwave at 21\u00b0C. At each temperature, short-term repeated measurements of routine metabolic rate (RMR) and a single measurement of a repeatable boldness-related behaviour, immersion response time (IRT), were made. Individual differences, but not morphotypic differences, were highly predictive of metabolic plasticity, and the plasticity of RMR was associated with IRT. At 13\u00b0C, shy animals had the highest metabolic rates, while at 21\u00b0C, this relationship was reversed. Individuals that were bold at 13\u00b0C also exhibited the highest metabolic rates at 21\u00b0C. Additional metabolic challenges during heatwaves could be detrimental to fitness in bold individuals. Equally, lower metabolic rates at non-stressful temperatures could be necessary for optimal survival as heatwaves become more common. These results provide novel insight into the relationship between metabolic and behavioural plasticity, and its adaptive implications in a changing climate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.244662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T12:58:51Z","timestamp":1705582731000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential metabolic responses in bold and shy sea anemones during a simulated heatwave"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1514-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Maskrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, Nicholson Building, University of Liverpool 1 Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences , , Liverpool L69 3GP , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun S.","family":"Killen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow 2 , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne U.","family":"Sneddon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg 3 Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences , , Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wentworth Way, University of York 4 Department of Environment and Geography , , Heslington, York YO10 5NG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C. 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