{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T13:47:33Z","timestamp":1779371253262,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["1253939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1253939"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>North American pond turtles (Emydidae) are renowned for their ability to survive extreme hypoxia and anoxia, which enables several species to overwinter in ice-locked, anoxic freshwater ponds and bogs for months. Centrally important for surviving these conditions is a profound metabolic suppression, which enables ATP demands to be met entirely with glycolysis. To better understand whether anoxia limits special sensory functions, we recorded evoked potentials in a reduced brain preparation, in vitro, that was perfused with severely hypoxic artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF). For recordings of visual responses, an LED was flashed onto retinal eyecups while evoked potentials were recorded from the retina or the optic tectum. For recordings of auditory responses, a piezomotor-controlled glass actuator displaced the tympanic membrane while evoked potentials were recorded from the cochlear nuclei. We found that visual responses decreased when perfused with hypoxic perfusate (aCSF PO2&amp;lt;4.0\u2005kPa). In contrast, the evoked response within the cochlear nuclei was unattenuated. These data provide further support that pond turtles have a limited ability to sense visual information in their environment even while moderately hypoxic, but that auditory input may become a principal avenue of sensory perception during extreme diving in this species such as occurs during anoxic submergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.244687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T16:34:05Z","timestamp":1678379645000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Responses of the\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    turtle brain to visual and auditory stimuli during severe hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8155-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ariel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology , , St Louis, MO 63103 , USA"},{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Saint Louis University 2 , St Louis, MO 63103 , USA"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University 4 , St Louis, MO 63103 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivika","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Saint Louis University 2 , St Louis, MO 63103 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University 3 Department of Biology , , St Louis, MO 63103 , USA"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University 4 , St Louis, MO 63103 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041907493030500_JEB244687C46","unstructured":"Ahuja, S.\n           (2021). Hypoxia-Induced Decrease of the Electroretinogram in Trachemys scripta elegans. MSc thesis. United States Missouri: Saint Louis University."},{"key":"2023041907493030500_JEB244687C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1963.26.4.617","article-title":"Effects of glucose and oxygen deprivation on function of isolated mammalian retina","volume":"26","author":"Ames","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2023041907493030500_JEB244687C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.69.4.1323","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for a bisynaptic retinocerebellar pathway","volume":"69","author":"Ariel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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