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Therefore, we hypothesized that tenrecs are tolerant to environmental hypoxia and hypercapnia. Many hypoxia- and hypercapnia-tolerant fossorial mammals respond to hypoxia by decreasing metabolic rate and thermogenesis, and have blunted ventilatory responses to both environmental hypoxia and hypercapnia. However, tenrecs exhibit extreme metabolic and thermoregulatory plasticity, which exceeds that of most heterothermic mammals and approaches that of ectothermic reptiles. Thus, we predicted that tenrecs would have abnormal physiological responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia relative to other fossorial mammals. To test this, we exposed common tenrecs (Tenrec ecaudatus) to moderate and severe hypoxia (9 and 4% O2) or hypercapnia (5 and 10% CO2) in either 28 or 16\u00b0C while non-invasively measuring metabolic rate, thermogenesis and ventilation. We found that tenrecs exhibit robust metabolic decreases in both hypoxia and hypercapnia. Furthermore, tenrecs have blunted ventilatory responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia, and these responses are highly temperature sensitive such that they are reduced or absent in 16\u00b0C. Thermoregulation was highly variable in 16\u00b0C but constrained in 28\u00b0C across all treatment conditions and was not impacted by hypoxia or hypercapnia, unlike in other heterothermic mammals. Taken together, our results indicate that physiological responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in tenrecs are highly dependent on environmental temperature and differ from those of other mammalian heterotherms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T16:18:23Z","timestamp":1678465103000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Physiological responses to hypoxia are constrained by environmental temperature in heterothermic tenrecs"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Maiah E. 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