{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T17:50:54Z","timestamp":1785865854811,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/S018093\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S018093\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000838","name":"University of Sussex","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000838","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The negative effects of artificial lighting at night (ALAN) on insects are increasingly recognised and have been postulated as one possible cause of declines in insect populations. Yet, the behavioural mechanisms underpinning ALAN effects on insects remain unclear. ALAN interferes with the bioluminescent signal female glow-worms use to attract males, disrupting reproduction. To determine the behavioural mechanisms that underpin this effect of ALAN, we quantified the effect of white illumination on males' ability to reach a female-mimicking LED within a Y-maze. We show that as the intensity of illumination increases, the proportion of males reaching the female-mimicking LED declines. Brighter illumination also increases the time taken by males to reach the female-mimicking LED. This is a consequence of males spending more time: (i) in the central arm of the Y-maze; and (ii) with their head retracted beneath their head shield. These effects reverse rapidly when illumination is removed, suggesting that male glow-worms are averse to white light. Our results show that ALAN not only prevents male glow-worms from reaching females, but also increases the time they take to reach females and the time they spend avoiding exposure to light. This demonstrates that the impacts of ALAN on male glow-worms extend beyond those previously observed in field experiments, and raises the possibility that ALAN has similar behavioural impacts on other insect species that remain undetected in field experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T22:04:51Z","timestamp":1686693891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Artificial light impairs local attraction to females in male glow-worms"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4561-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle M.","family":"Moubarak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Sofia","family":"David Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7878-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan J. A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7786-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy E.","family":"Niven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-014-9664-2","article-title":"Low levels of light pollution may block the ability of male glow-worms (Lampyris noctiluca L.) to locate females","volume":"18","author":"Bird","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Insect Conserv."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01044","article-title":"Colour vision in the glow-worm Lampyris noctiluca (L.) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): evidence for a green-blue chromatic mechanism","volume":"207","author":"Booth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabi8322","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi8322","article-title":"Street lighting has detrimental impacts on local insect populations","volume":"7","author":"Boyes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12166","article-title":"Artificial light pollution: are shifting spectral signatures changing the balance of species interactions?","volume":"19","author":"Davies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1562\/2003-11-11-RA.1","article-title":"Larval and adulte mission spectra of bioluminescence in three European firefly species","volume":"79","author":"De Cock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200806","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.0806","article-title":"Reproduction under light pollution: maladaptive response to spatial variation in artificial light in a glow worm","volume":"287","author":"Elgert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.3390\/s100403961","article-title":"Spectral identification of lighting type and character","volume":"10","author":"Elvidge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600377","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600377","article-title":"The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness","volume":"2","author":"Falchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-016-3723-1","article-title":"Experimental tests of light-pollution impacts on nocturnal insect courtship and dispersal","volume":"182","author":"Firebaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C11","volume-title":"An R Companion to Applied Regression","author":"Fox","year":"2019","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Short-term changes (2001-2005) in glow-worm Lampyris noctiluca L. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) abundance in Essex","volume":"20","author":"Gardiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Entomol. Nat Hist."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/icad.12407","article-title":"Glowing, glowing, gone? Monitoring long term trends in glow-worm numbers in south-east England","volume":"13","author":"Gardiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insect Conserv. Divers."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31184\/G00138894.721.1798","article-title":"Glow-worm abundance declines with increasing proximity to artificial lighting","volume":"72","author":"Gardiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Entomol's. Gaz."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C15","first-page":"313","article-title":"Are glow-worms disappearing?","volume":"13","author":"Gardiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. Wildl."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12036","article-title":"The ecological impacts of nighttime light pollution: a mechanistic appraisal","volume":"88","author":"Gaston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140133","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0133","article-title":"The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge","volume":"370","author":"Gaston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22011-8","article-title":"Impact of artificial light at night on diurnal plant\u2013pollinator interactions","volume":"12","author":"Giavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-591602-8.50012-6","article-title":"The visual system of insects","volume-title":"The Physiology of Insecta","author":"Goldsmith","year":"1974"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12440","article-title":"Insect declines and agroecosystems: does light pollution matter?","volume":"173","author":"Grubisic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.09.007","article-title":"Light pollution as a biodiversity threat","volume":"25","author":"H\u00f6lker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150599","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0599","article-title":"I'm sexy and I glow it: female ornamentation in a nocturnal capital breeder","volume":"11","author":"Hopkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C23","first-page":"31","article-title":"Impact of artificial light on the distribution of the common European glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)","volume":"2","author":"Ineichen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lampyrid"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/icad.12482","article-title":"Assessing long-term effects of artificial light at night on insects: what is missing and how to get there","volume":"14","author":"Kalinkat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insect Conserv. Divers."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159451","article-title":"The color of artificial light affects mate attraction in the common glow-worm","volume":"857","author":"Kivel\u00e4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23288","article-title":"Artificial light at night as a new threat to pollination","volume":"548","author":"Knop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(81)90097-4","article-title":"Electroretinogram and the spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes in the firefly Photuris versicolor (Coleoptera- Lampyridae): a correspondence between green sensitivity and species bioluminescence emission","volume":"27","author":"Lall","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0191:ELP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Ecological light pollution","volume":"2","author":"Longcore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Envir."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13371","article-title":"The dark side of street lighting: Impacts on moths and evidence for the disruption of nocturnal pollen transport","volume":"23","author":"Macgregor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11337","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4557","article-title":"The impact of artificial light at night on nocturnal insects: a review and synthesis","volume":"8","author":"Owens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220468220468","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.220468","article-title":"Artificial light impacts the mate success of female fireflies","volume":"9","author":"Owens","year":"2022","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150884","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150884","article-title":"The switch from low-pressure sodium to light emitting diodes does not affect bat activity at street lights","volume":"11","author":"Rowse","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C33","volume-title":"Artificial Light in the Environment","author":"Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.05.078","article-title":"Low levels of artificial light at night strengthen top-down control in insect food web","volume":"28","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb229146","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.229146","article-title":"Artificial lighting impairs mate attraction in a nocturnal capital breeder","volume":"223","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/713821039","article-title":"Interim report to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, Zurich, 1955, on the National Physical Laboratory's investigation of colour-matching","volume":"2","author":"Stiles","year":"1955","journal-title":"Opt. Acta"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C38","volume-title":"The Glow-Worm","author":"Tyler","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-021-00304-z","article-title":"White LED light intensity, but not colour temperature, interferes with mate-finding by glow-worm (Lampyris noctiluca L.) males","volume":"25","author":"Van den Broeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Insect Conserv."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-061720-071644","article-title":"Evolution of insect color vision: from spectral sensitivity to visual ecology","volume":"66","author":"Van der Kooi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2023061322044300800_JEB245760C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.083","article-title":"Experimental light at night has a negative long-term impact on macro-moth populations","volume":"30","author":"Van Grunsven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.245760\/2947314\/jeb245760.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.245760\/2947314\/jeb245760.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T06:37:51Z","timestamp":1729579071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/226\/11\/jeb245760\/313487\/Artificial-light-impairs-local-attraction-to"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.245760","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"article-number":"jeb245760"}}