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Haversian remodeling (cortical bone replacement resulting in secondary osteons) is thought to occur in regions of low strain as part of bone maintenance or high strain in response to microdamage. However, analyses of remodeling in primates have revealed an unappreciated association with the number of daily load cycles. We tested this relationship by raising 30 male domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on disparate diets from weaning to adulthood (48\u2005weeks), facilitating a naturalistic perspective on mandibular bone adaptation. A control group consumed only rabbit pellets and an \u2018overuse\u2019 group ate hay in addition to pellets. To process hay, which is tougher and stiffer, rabbits increase chewing investment and duration without increasing bite force (i.e. corpus mean peak strain is similar for the two foods). Corpus remodeling in overuse rabbits was \u223c1.5 times that of controls, measured as osteon population density and percentage Haversian bone. In the same subjects, there was a significant increase in overuse corpus bone formation (ratio of cortical area to cranial length), consistent with previous reports on the same dietary manipulation and bone formation in rabbits. This is the first evidence that both modeling and remodeling are simultaneously driven by the number of load cycles, independent of strain magnitude. This novel finding provides unique data on the feeding apparatus, challenges traditional thought on Haversian remodeling, and highlights the need for experimental studies of skeletal adaptation that examine mechanical factors beyond strain magnitude.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T09:25:18Z","timestamp":1689240318000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prolonged cyclical loading induces Haversian remodeling in mandibles of growing rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8937-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Lad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High Point University 1 Department of Health and Human Performance , , High Point, NC 27268 , USA"},{"name":"High Point University 2 Department of Physical Therapy , , High Point, NC 27268 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kowalkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame 3 Department of Biological Sciences , , Notre Dame, IN 46556 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Liggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame 3 Department of Biological Sciences , , Notre Dame, IN 46556 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame 3 Department of Biological Sciences , , Notre Dame, IN 46556 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Ravosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 4 , Baltimore, MD 21287 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080708123306600_JEB245942C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150321","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0321","article-title":"Bone strain magnitude is correlated with bone strain rate in tetrapods: implications for models of mechanotransduction","volume":"282","author":"Aiello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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