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Competing for the same resources often leads to trade-offs in resource allocation. We manipulated protein availability in the larval diet of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, to test how early life resource availability influences relevant life history traits, melanin production and chemical defences. We expected higher dietary protein to result in more effective chemical defences in adult moths and a higher amount of melanin in the wings. According to the resource allocation hypothesis, we also expected individuals with less melanin to have more resources to allocate to chemical defences. We found that protein-deprived moths had a slower larval development, and their chemical defences were less unpalatable for bird predators, but the expression of melanin in their wings did not differ from that of moths raised on a high-protein diet. The amount of melanin in the wings, however, unexpectedly correlated positively with chemical defences. Our findings demonstrate that the resources available in early life have an important role in the efficacy of chemical defences, but melanin-based warning colours are less sensitive to resource variability than other fitness-related traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T04:34:20Z","timestamp":1704429260000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diet influences resource allocation in chemical defence but not melanin synthesis in an aposematic moth"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ottocento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, PO Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki 1 , Finland"},{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 2 , Department of Biology and Environmental Science, PO Box\u00a035, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6715-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibiana","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 2 , Department of Biology and Environmental Science, PO Box\u00a035, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology 3 , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstra\u00dfe 1, 1160 Vienna , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8428-5431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Burdfield-Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics 4 , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7835-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Furlanetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 2 , Department of Biology and Environmental Science, PO Box\u00a035, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ossi","family":"Nokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 2 , Department of Biology and Environmental Science, PO Box\u00a035, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Finland"},{"name":"Open Science Centre 5 , PO Box\u00a035, 40014 , Finland"},{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 5 , PO Box\u00a035, 40014 , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, PO Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki 1 , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Mappes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, PO Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki 1 , Finland"},{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 2 , Department of Biology and Environmental Science, PO Box\u00a035, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020910475885500_JEB245946C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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