{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:50:12Z","timestamp":1787021412934,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018554","name":"New York Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007234","name":"University of Chicago","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007234","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011492","name":"Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prokinesis, a mode of avian cranial kinesis involving motion between the neurocranium and upper beak, has long been investigated in biomechanical analyses of avian feeding and drinking. However, the modern avian beak is also used for non-feeding functions. Here, we investigate the dual function of prokinesis in the feeding and locomotor systems of the rosy-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis). Lovebirds and other parrots utilize their beak both during feeding and as a third limb during vertical climbing. Thus, we experimentally measured both force-generating potential and movement of the rosy-faced lovebird mandible and maxilla (via prokinetic flexion of the craniofacial hinge) during tripedal climbing and mandibular\/maxillary adduction. We found that whereas the maxilla is primarily responsible for generating force during locomotion, the mandible is primarily responsible for generating force during forceful jaw adduction, hinting at a remarkable capacity to alter prokinetic function with differing neuromuscular control. The ability of the prokinetic apparatus to perform functions with competing optimality criteria via modulation of motor control illustrates the functional plasticity of the avian cranial kinesis and sheds new light on the adaptive significance of cranial mobility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.246659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T05:09:41Z","timestamp":1699506581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The dual function of prokinesis in the feeding and locomotor systems of parrots"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1760-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melody W.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 Department of Anatomy , , Old Westbury, NY 11568 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3943-938X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alec T.","family":"Wilken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago 2 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy , , Chicago, IL 60637 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5388-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armita R.","family":"Manafzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University 3 , New Haven, CT 06520 , USA"},{"name":"Yale University 4 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences , , New Haven, CT 06520 , USA"},{"name":"Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History 5 , New Haven, CT 06520 , USA"},{"name":"Yale University 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science , , New Haven, CT 06520 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa F.","family":"Schurr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 Department of Anatomy , , Old Westbury, NY 11568 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Bastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 Department of Anatomy , , Old Westbury, NY 11568 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 Department of Anatomy , , Old Westbury, NY 11568 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6465-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Granatosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 Department of Anatomy , , Old Westbury, NY 11568 , USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Innovation, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine 7 , Old Westbury, NY 11568 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011112101360500_JEB246659C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2307\/2407020","article-title":"The Evolution of the Use of Tools by Feeding Animals","volume":"26","author":"Alcock","year":"1972","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2024011112101360500_JEB246659C2","first-page":"jeb213397","article-title":"The need for speed: functional specializations of locomotor and feeding muscles in Anolis lizards","volume":"223","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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