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The purpose of the current study was to explore how older adults organize locomotor muscle synergies to counteract unpredictable and predictable gait perturbations during the perturbed steps and the recovery steps. Sixty-three healthy older adults (71.2\u00b15.2\u2005years) participated in the study. Mediolateral and anteroposterior unpredictable and predictable perturbations during walking were introduced using a treadmill. Muscle synergies were extracted from the electromyographic activity of 13 lower limb muscles using Gaussian non-negative matrix factorization. The four basic synergies responsible for unperturbed walking (weight acceptance, propulsion, early swing and late swing) were preserved in all applied gait perturbations, yet their temporal recruitment and muscle contribution in each synergy were modified (P&amp;lt;0.05). These modifications were observed for up to four recovery steps and were more pronounced (P&amp;lt;0.05) following unpredictable perturbations. The recruitment of the four basic walking synergies in the perturbed and recovery gait cycles indicates a robust neuromotor control of locomotion by using activation patterns of a few and well-known muscle synergies with specific adjustments within the synergies. The selection of pre-existing muscle synergies while adjusting the time of their recruitment during challenging locomotor conditions may improve the effectiveness to deal with perturbations and promote the transfer of adaptation between different kinds of perturbations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.247271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T10:10:57Z","timestamp":1710929457000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Spatiotemporal modulation of a common set of muscle synergies during unpredictable and predictable gait perturbations in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7195-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Br\u00fcll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 1 Department of Training and Movement Sciences , , 10115 Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 2 , 10115 Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Network Aging Research 3 , , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg University 3 , , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6577-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Santuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 1 Department of Training and Movement Sciences , , 10115 Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 2 , 10115 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7180-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falk","family":"Mersmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 1 Department of Training and Movement Sciences , , 10115 Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 2 , 10115 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 1 Department of Training and Movement Sciences , , 10115 Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 2 , 10115 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2002-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schwenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Aging Research 3 , , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg University 3 , , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University 4 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany"},{"name":"Human Performance Research Center, University of Konstanz 5 Department of Sport Science , , 78464 Konstanz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-0335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adamantios","family":"Arampatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 1 Department of Training and Movement Sciences , , 10115 Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin 2 , 10115 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041109190821400_JEB247271C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8759","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2519-17.2018","article-title":"Muscle synergies obtained from comprehensive mapping of the cortical forelimb representation using stimulus triggered averaging of EMG activity","volume":"38","author":"Amundsen Huffmaster","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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