{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:29:33Z","timestamp":1788287373825,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":202,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"20","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A regular heartbeat is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the vertebrate body. However, environmental pollutants, oxygen deficiency and extreme temperatures can impair heart function in fish. In this Review, we provide an integrative view of the molecular origins of cardiac arrhythmias and their functional consequences, from the level of ion channels to cardiac electrical activity in living fish. First, we describe the current knowledge of the cardiac excitation\u2013contraction coupling of fish, as the electrical activity of the heart and intracellular Ca2+ regulation act as a platform for cardiac arrhythmias. Then, we compile findings on cardiac arrhythmias in fish. Although fish can experience several types of cardiac arrhythmia under stressful conditions, the most typical arrhythmia in fish \u2013 both under heat stress and in the presence of toxic substances \u2013 is atrioventricular block, which is the inability of the action potential to progress from the atrium to the ventricle. Early and delayed afterdepolarizations are less common in fish hearts than in the hearts of endotherms, perhaps owing to the excitation\u2013contraction coupling properties of the fish heart. In fish hearts, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a smaller role than Ca2+ influx through the sarcolemma. Environmental changes and ion channel toxins can induce arrhythmias in fish and weaken their tolerance to environmental stresses. Although different from endotherm hearts in many respects, fish hearts can serve as a translational model for studying human cardiac arrhythmias, especially for human neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.247446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T10:01:48Z","timestamp":1723197708000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cardiac arrhythmias in fish induced by natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Vornanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland 1 Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences , , PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland 1 Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences , , PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Sohag University 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science , , 82524 Sohag ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Haverinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland 1 Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences , , PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102810214945200_JEB247446C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-015-0925-5","article-title":"Seasonal acclimatization of the cardiac potassium currents (IK1 and IKr) in an arctic marine teleost, the navaga cod (Eleginus navaga)","volume":"185","author":"Abramochkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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