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Because bone mechanical properties are relatively reduced in tension compared with compression, adaptations are needed to reduce fracture risk. Several toughening mechanisms exist in bone, yet little is known of the influences of secondary osteon collagen\/lamellar \u2018morphotypes\u2019 and potential interplay with intermolecular collagen cross-links (CCLs) in prevalent\/predominant tension- and compression-loaded regions. Paired third metacarpals (MC3s) from 10 adult horses were prepared for mechanical testing. From one MC3\/pair, 5\u2005mm cubes were tested in compression at several mid-shaft locations. From contralateral bones, dumbbell-shaped specimens were tested in tension. Hence, habitual\/natural tension- and compression-loaded regions were tested in both modes. Data included: elastic modulus, yield and ultimate strength, and energy absorption (toughness). Fragments of tested specimens were examined for predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO; representing osteonal and non-osteonal bone), osteon morphotype score (MTS, representing osteonal CFO), mineralization, porosity and other histological characteristics. As a consequence of insufficient material from tension-tested specimens, CCLs were only examined in compression-tested specimens (HP, hydroxylysylpyridinoline; LP, lysylpyridinoline; PE, pentosidine). Among CCLs, only LP and HP\/LP correlated significantly with mechanical parameters: LP with energy absorption, HP\/LP with elastic modulus (both r=0.4). HP\/LP showed a trend with energy absorption (r=\u22120.3, P=0.08). HP\/LP more strongly correlated with osteon density and mineralization than CFO or MTS. Predominant CFO more strongly correlated with energy absorption than MTS in both testing modes. In general, CFO was found to be relatively prominent in affecting regional toughness in these equine MC3s in compression and tension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.247758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T09:09:36Z","timestamp":1721812176000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Roles of collagen cross-links and osteon collagen\/lamellar morphotypes in equine third metacarpals in tension and compression tests"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G.","family":"Skedros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah 1 , Department of Orthopaedics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Dayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado 2 , Department of Orthopedics, Aurora, CO 80045 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John T.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah 1 , Department of Orthopaedics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9364-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad S.","family":"Mears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah 1 , Department of Orthopaedics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy D.","family":"Bloebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah 1 , Department of Orthopaedics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering , , San Antonio, TX 78249 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent N.","family":"Bachus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah 1 , Department of Orthopaedics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affair Medical Center 4 , Salt Lake City, UT 84148 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072409092387400_JEB247758C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0533-7","article-title":"Bisphosphonates alter trabecular bone collagen cross-linking and isomerization in beagle dog vertebra","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos. 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