{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:38:30Z","timestamp":1790620710311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007602","name":"University of California, Riverside","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite the myriad studies examining the diversity and mechanisms of gecko adhesion in the lab, we have a poor understanding of how this translates to locomotion in nature. It has long been assumed that greater adhesive strength should translate to superior performance in nature. Using 13 individuals of Bradfield's Namib day gecko (Rhoptropus bradfieldi) in Namibia, I tested the hypothesis that maximum running performance in nature (speed and acceleration) is driven by maximum frictional adhesive strength. Specifically, those individuals with greater frictional adhesion should escape with faster speed and acceleration because of increased contact with the surface from which to apply propulsive forces. I tested this prediction by quantifying laboratory adhesive performance and then releasing the geckos into the field while simultaneously recording the escape using high-speed videography. Additional measurements included how this species modulates maximum running speed (stride length and\/or stride frequency) and how temperature influences field performance. I found that maximum acceleration was significantly correlated with maximum frictional adhesive strength, whereas maximum sprinting speed was only correlated with increases in stride frequency (not stride length) and temperature. Thus, different measures of performance (acceleration and speed) are limited by very different variables. Acceleration is key for rapidly escaping predation and, given their correlation, maximum frictional adhesion likely plays a key role in fitness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.247906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T10:22:03Z","timestamp":1736418123000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Frictional adhesion of geckos predicts maximum running performance in nature"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Higham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology , , Riverside, CA 92521 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05420.x","article-title":"Phylogenetic systematics of the day geckos, genus Rhoptropus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), of south-western Africa","volume":"238","author":"Bauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Zool. Lond."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3099\/0006-9698-576.1.1","article-title":"Morphology of cutaneous sense organs of gekkonid geckos (Squamata: Gekkonida): structural variation in the most diverse gekkotan family","volume":"576","author":"Bauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breviora."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/21564574.1996.9649959","article-title":"The evolution of locomotor morphology in Rhoptropus (Squamata: Gekkonidae): Functional and phylogenetic considerations","volume":"45","author":"Bauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Afr. J. Herpetol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icaa018","article-title":"Mechanical ecology - taking biomechanics to the field","volume":"60","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C5","first-page":"3551","article-title":"Remora fish suction pad attachment is enhanced by spinule friction","volume":"218","author":"Beckert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R217","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1984.247.3.C217","article-title":"Thermal dependence of muscle function","volume":"247","author":"Bennet","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02155","article-title":"Effects of temperature on maximum acceleration, deceleration and power output during vertical running in geckos","volume":"209","author":"Bergmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icn086","article-title":"Morphological selection in an extreme flow environment: body shape and waterfall-climbing success in the Hawaiian stream fish Sicyopterus stimpsoni","volume":"48","author":"Blob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01201.x","article-title":"Sprint performance of phrynosomatid lizards, measured on a high-speed treadmill, correlates with hindlimb length","volume":"248","author":"Bonine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Zool. Lond"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8312.2003.00226.x","article-title":"Morphological correlates of burst speed and field movement patterns: the behavioural adjustment of locomotion in wall lizards (Podarcis muralis)","volume":"80","author":"Bra\u00f1a","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674184404.c5","article-title":"Climbing","volume-title":"Functional Vertebrate Morphology","author":"Cartmill","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.13.107","article-title":"Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)","volume":"13","author":"Cobos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beilstein. J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15459-6","article-title":"Individuals of the common Namib Day Gecko vary in how adaptive simplification alters sprint biomechanics","volume":"7","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12312","article-title":"Subdigital adhesive pad morphology varies in relation to structural habitat use in the Namib Day Gecko, Rhoptropus afer","volume":"29","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2982","article-title":"Muscle directly meets the vast power demands in agile lizards","volume":"272","author":"Curtin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.051144","article-title":"Dynamics of gecko locomotion: a force-measuring array to measured 3D reaction forces","volume":"214","author":"Dai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1139\/z77-235","article-title":"Prey capture by the African lion","volume":"55","author":"Elliott","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190199","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0199","article-title":"Dynamic biological adhesion: mechanisms for controlling attachment during locomotion","volume":"374","author":"Federle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icac114","article-title":"Ecomechanics and the rules of life: a critical conduit between the physical and natural sciences","volume":"62","author":"Ferry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39429","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039429","article-title":"Repeated origin and loss of adhesive toepads in geckos","volume":"7","author":"Gamble","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C21","first-page":"240","article-title":"Ecological morphology of locomotor performance in squamate reptiles","volume-title":"Ecological Morphology: Integrative Organismal Biology","author":"Garland","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13377","article-title":"The same but different: setal arrays of anoles and geckos indicate alternative approaches to achieving similar adhesive effectiveness","volume":"238","author":"Garner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1890\/07-2093.1","article-title":"Life on the rocks: habitat use drives morphological and performance evolution in lizards","volume":"89","author":"Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecology."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C24","first-page":"199","article-title":"The distribution of the genus Rhoptropus (Reptilia. Gekkonidae) in the central Namib Desert","volume":"12","author":"Haacke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Madoqua"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/3\/3\/034001","article-title":"Software techniques for two- and three-dimensional kinematic measurements of biological and biomimetic systems","volume":"3","author":"Hedrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinsp. Biomim."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1201\/9781498782739-3","article-title":"Lizard Locomotion: Relationships between Behavior, Performance, and Function","volume-title":"Behavior of Lizards","author":"Higham","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418979112","article-title":"Adaptive simplification and the evolution of gecko locomotion: morphological and biomechanical consequences of losing adhesion","volume":"112","author":"Higham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2021.05.009","article-title":"Linking ecomechanical models and functional traits to understand phenotypic diversity","volume":"36","author":"Higham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C29","first-page":"503","article-title":"On the origin of frictional adhesion in geckos: small morphological changes lead to a major biomechanical transition in the genus Gonatodes","volume":"120","author":"Higham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.051045","article-title":"How muscles define maximum locomotor performance in lizards: an analysis using stance and swing phase muscles","volume":"214","author":"Higham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2010.01564.x","article-title":"How to climb a tree: lizards accelerate faster, but pause more, when escaping on vertical surfaces","volume":"102","author":"Higham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2010.01539.x","article-title":"Divergence in locomotor performance, ecology, and morphology between two sympatric sister species of desert-dwelling gecko","volume":"101","author":"Higham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb247980","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.247980","article-title":"Geckos running with dynamic adhesion: towards integration of ecology, energetics and biomechanics","volume":"228","author":"Higham","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icz013","article-title":"The ecomechanics of gecko adhesion: natural surface topography, evolution, and biomimetics","volume":"59","author":"Higham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13511","article-title":"Ankle structure of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) and its role in the deployment of the subdigital adhesive system","volume":"239","author":"Higham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.01.007","article-title":"Influence of surface roughness on gecko adhesion","volume":"3","author":"Huber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta. Biomater."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.110.1.113","article-title":"Effects of body size and slope on acceleration of a lizard (Stellio stellio)","volume":"110","author":"Huey","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01195.x","article-title":"Does survival depend on how fast you can run or how fast you do run?","volume":"20","author":"Husak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Func. Ecol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C39","first-page":"1888","article-title":"Field use of maximal sprint speed by collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris): compensation and sexual selection","volume":"60","author":"Husak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/43.3.396","article-title":"Measuring performance in nature: implications for studies of fitness within populations","volume":"43","author":"Irschick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01451.x","article-title":"A comparative analysis of clinging ability among pad-bearing lizards","volume":"59","author":"Irschick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C42","volume-title":"Animal Athletes: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach","author":"Irschick","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.2.273","article-title":"Effects of incline on speed, acceleration, body posture and hindlimb kinematics in two species of lizard Callisaurus draconoides and Uma scoparia","volume":"201","author":"Irschick","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2307\/2410937","article-title":"A comparative analysis of the ecological significance of maximal locomotor performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards","volume":"52","author":"Irschick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2005.00486.x","article-title":"Intraspecific correlations among morphology, performance and habitat use within a green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) population","volume":"85","author":"Irschick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1997)078[2191:ACOERI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A comparison of evolutionary radiations in mainland and Caribbean Anolis lizards","volume":"78","author":"Irschick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecology."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1997.0655","article-title":"How inclines affect the escape behaviour of a dune-dwelling lizard, Uma scoparia","volume":"55","author":"Jayne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.045682","article-title":"Environmental differences in substrate mechanics do not affect sprinting performance in sand lizards (Uma scoparia and Callisaurus draconoides)","volume":"214","author":"Korff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140027","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0027","article-title":"Scaling and biomechanics of surface attachment in climbing animals","volume":"370","author":"Labonte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0527","article-title":"Spatial memory: are lizards really deficient?","volume":"8","author":"LaDage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2307\/2409282","article-title":"The evolution of form and function: morphology and locomotor performance in West Indian Anolis lizards","volume":"44","author":"Losos","year":"1990","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1998.tb00330.x","article-title":"An intraspecific analysis of trade-offs in sprinting performance in a West Indian lizard species (Anolis lineatopus)","volume":"63","author":"Macrini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694443","article-title":"Thermal dependence of isotonic contractile properties of skeletal muscle and sprint performance of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis","volume":"155","author":"Marsh","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.126.1.79","article-title":"Thermal dependence of sprint performance of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis","volume":"126","author":"Marsh","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1086\/653476","article-title":"Getting up to speed: acceleration strategies in the Florida scrub lizard, Sceloporus woodi","volume":"83","author":"McElroy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icz027","article-title":"Attachment beyond the adhesive system: the contribution of claws in gecko clinging and locomotion","volume":"59","author":"Naylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.080085","article-title":"Sticking to the story: outstanding challenges in gecko-inspired adhesives","volume":"219","author":"Niewiarowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C58","first-page":"255","article-title":"Notes on the adaptive ecology and behaviour of four species of Rhoptropus (Gekkonidae) from the Namib Desert with special reference to a thermoregulatory mechanism employed by Rhoptropus afer","volume":"11","author":"Odendaal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Madoqua"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2023.126078","article-title":"Get to the point: claw morphology impacts frictional interactions on rough substrates","volume":"157","author":"Pamfilie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zoology."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160011","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0011","article-title":"Debunking the viper's strike: harmless snakes kill a common assumption","volume":"12","author":"Penning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6090","article-title":"Nonlinear variation in clinging performance with surface roughness in geckos","volume":"10","author":"Pillai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-020-00374-w","article-title":"Geckos cling best to, and prefer to use, rough surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Pillai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Zool"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1670\/183-02","article-title":"Effects of temperature and slope on the sprint speed and stamina of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus","volume":"37","author":"Pinch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Herpetol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C63","first-page":"R197","article-title":"Influence of temperature on mechanics and energetics of muscle contraction","volume":"259","author":"Rall","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1975.tb03215.x","article-title":"A contribution to the functional analysis of the foot of the Tokay. Gekko gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)","volume":"176","author":"Russell","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Zool. Lond."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C65","first-page":"217","article-title":"Some comments concerning interrelationships amongst gekkonine geckos","volume-title":"Morphology and Biology of Reptiles","author":"Russell","year":"1976"},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051690305","article-title":"Descriptive and functional anatomy of the digital vascular system of the tokay, Gekko gecko","volume":"169","author":"Russell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0946","article-title":"A new angle on clinging in geckos: incline, not substrate, triggers the deployment of the adhesive system","volume":"276","author":"Russell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1139\/Z07-103","article-title":"Real-world challenges to, and capabilities of, the gekkotan adhesive system: contrasting the rough and the smooth","volume":"85","author":"Russell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/azo.12028","article-title":"Between a rock and a soft place: microtopography of the locomotor substrate and the morphology of setal fields of Namibian day geckos (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Rhoptropus)","volume":"95","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta. Zool."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icz032","article-title":"The integrative biology of gecko adhesion: historical review, current understanding, and grand challenges","volume":"59","author":"Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2307\/1941096","article-title":"Walking the tight rope: arboreal sprint performance among Sceloporus occidentalis lizard populations","volume":"72","author":"Sinervo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ecology."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2013.02.001","article-title":"The ontogeny of escape behavior, locomotor performance, and the hind limb in Sceloporus woodi","volume":"116","author":"Stiller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoology."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.174.1.185","article-title":"Temperature, muscle power output and limitations on burst locomotor performance of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis","volume":"174","author":"Swoap","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2113\/gssajg.110.2-3.477","article-title":"Magmatism and continental breakup at the west margin of southern Africa: A geochemical comparison of dolerite dikes from NW Namibia and the Western Cape","volume":"110","author":"Trumbull","year":"2007","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Geol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1006\/bijl.1997.0202","article-title":"Variation in morphology, gait characteristics and speed of locomotion in two populations of lizards","volume":"63","author":"Van Damme","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2005.00495.x","article-title":"Effects of substrate structure on speed and acceleration capacity in climbing geckos","volume":"85","author":"Vanhooydonck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02511","article-title":"Out on a limb: the differential effect of substrate diameter on acceleration capacity in Anolis lizards","volume":"209","author":"Vanhooydonck","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12542","article-title":"The effects of substratum on locomotor performance in lacertid lizards","volume":"115","author":"Vanhooydonck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.7.1037","article-title":"Variation in speed, gait characteristics and microhabitat use in lacertid lizards","volume":"205","author":"Vanhooydonck","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130234","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0234","article-title":"Stick tight: suction adhesion on irregular surfaces in the northern clingfish","volume":"9","author":"Wainwright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4568","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-014-0557-2","article-title":"Locomotor kinematics of the gecko (Tokay gecko) upon challenge with various inclines","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-010-3188-0","article-title":"Morphology and reaction forces of toes of geckos freely moving on ceilings and walls","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. China. Tech. Sci."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2006.0030-1299.14761.x","article-title":"Morphological variation does not influence locomotor performance within a cohort of hatchling lizards (Amphibolurus muricatus","volume":"114","author":"Warner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agamidae). Oikos."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.65.1.157","article-title":"The effect of size on the fast-start performance of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, and a consideration of piscivorous predator-prey interactions","volume":"65","author":"Webb","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C85","first-page":"157","article-title":"Ecological comments on some gekkonid lizards of the Namib Desert, South West Africa","volume":"10","author":"Werner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Madoqua."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13318","article-title":"Determinants of predation success: How to survive an attack from a rattlesnake","volume":"33","author":"Whitford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Func. Ecol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25479","article-title":"Biomechanics of predator-prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala","volume":"554","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C88","first-page":"20180229","article-title":"Linking locomotor performance to morphological shifts in urban lizards","volume":"285","author":"Winchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13919","article-title":"Clinging performance on natural substrates predicts habitat use in anoles and geckos","volume":"35","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Func. Ecol."},{"key":"2025010910214585400_JEB247906C90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.7.1233","article-title":"Spatio-temporal gait characteristics of level and vertical locomotion in a ground-dwelling and a climbing gecko","volume":"204","author":"Zaaf","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.247906\/3610236\/jeb247906.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.247906\/3610236\/jeb247906.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T10:22:09Z","timestamp":1736418129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/228\/1\/jeb247906\/364957\/Frictional-adhesion-of-geckos-predicts-maximum"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.247906","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"jeb247906"}}