{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:50:05Z","timestamp":1787021405822,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["IOS-2038528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-2038528"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Selection experiments play an increasingly important role in comparative and evolutionary physiology. However, selection experiments can be limited by relatively low statistical power, in part because replicate line is the experimental unit for analyses of direct or correlated responses (rather than number of individuals measured). One way to increase the ability to detect correlated responses is through a meta-analysis of studies for a given trait across multiple generations. To demonstrate this, we applied meta-analytic techniques to two traits (body mass and heart ventricle mass, with body mass as a covariate) from a long-term artificial selection experiment for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. In this experiment, all four replicate High Runner (HR) lines reached apparent selection limits around generations 17\u201327, running approximately 2.5- to 3-fold more revolutions per day than the four non-selected Control (C) lines. Although both traits would also be expected to change in HR lines (relative heart size expected to increase, expected direction for body mass is less clear), their statistical significance has varied, despite repeated measurements. We compiled information from 33 unique studies and calculated a measure of effect size (Pearson's R). Our results indicate that, despite a lack of statistical significance in most generations, HR mice have evolved larger hearts and smaller bodies relative to controls. Moreover, plateaus in effect sizes for both traits coincide with the generational range during which the selection limit for wheel-running behavior was reached. Finally, since reaching the selection limit, absolute effect sizes for body mass and heart ventricle mass have become smaller (i.e. closer to 0).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.249213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T04:20:56Z","timestamp":1723177256000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A meta-analysis of whole-body and heart mass effect sizes from a long-term artificial selection experiment for high voluntary exercise"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Riverside Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology , , Riverside, CA 92521 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Theodore","family":"Garland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Riverside Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology , , Riverside, CA 92521 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02924","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2924","article-title":"A scale-dependent framework for trade-offs, syndromes, and specialization in organismal biology","volume":"101","author":"Agrawal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.02.325","article-title":"Meta-analysis of multiple primary prevention trials of cardiovascular events using aspirin","volume":"107","author":"Bartolucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2007.62-06","article-title":"A brief opportunity to run does not function as a reinforcer for mice selected for high daily wheel-running rates","volume":"88","author":"Belke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/374275","article-title":"Experimental evolution and the Krogh Principle: generating biological novelty for functional and genetic analyses","volume":"76","author":"Bennett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.518","article-title":"Reduction of type IIb myosin and IIB fibers in tibialis anterior muscle of mini-muscle mice from high-activity lines","volume":"311A","author":"Bilodeau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475","article-title":"Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience","volume":"14","author":"Button","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113389","article-title":"Effects of early-life exposure to Western diet and voluntary exercise on adult activity levels, exercise physiology, and associated traits in selectively bred High Runner mice","volume":"234","author":"Cadney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S204017442200054X","article-title":"Effects of early-life voluntary exercise and fructose on adult activity levels, body composition, aerobic capacity, and organ masses in mice bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior","volume":"14","author":"Cadney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12200","article-title":"Limits to behavioral evolution: The quantitative genetics of a complex trait under directional selection","volume":"67","author":"Careau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20809","article-title":"Evolution of hindlimb bone dimensions and muscle masses in house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior","volume":"279","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13547","article-title":"Effects of selective breeding for voluntary exercise, chronic exercise, and their interaction on muscle attachment site morphology in house mice","volume":"240","author":"Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13341","article-title":"Rapid and longer-term effects of selective breeding for voluntary exercise behavior on skeletal morphology in house mice","volume":"238","author":"Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/731307","article-title":"Muscle-tendon unit properties in mice selected for high levels of voluntary running: novel physiologies, co-adaptation, trade-offs, and multiple solutions in the evolution of cursoriality","volume":"97","author":"Castro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol. Physiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.04.033","article-title":"Serotonin-mediated central fatigue underlies increased endurance capacity in mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running","volume":"161","author":"Claghorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03369","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3369","article-title":"The allometry of locomotion","volume":"102","author":"Cloyed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C16","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13444","article-title":"Are trade-offs really the key drivers of ageing and life span?","volume":"34","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.05.025","article-title":"Effects of voluntary exercise on spontaneous physical activity and food consumption in mice: Results from an artificial selection experiment","volume":"149","author":"Copes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bvae097","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae097","article-title":"Soluble CD14 and incident diabetes risk: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study","volume":"8","author":"Cruden","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2307\/2389887","article-title":"Locomotor performance of bipedal and quadrupedal heteromyid rodents","volume":"7","author":"Djawdan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C200","first-page":"30","article-title":"Combining independent tests of significance","volume":"2","author":"Fisher","year":"1948","journal-title":"American Statistician"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C21","first-page":"23","article-title":"Selection experiments: an under-utilized tool in biomechanics and organismal biology","volume-title":"Vertebrate Biomechanics and Evolution","author":"Garland","year":"2003"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx059","article-title":"Locomotion, energetics, performance, and behavior: a mammalian perspective on lizards, and vice versa","volume":"57","author":"Garland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.56.030194.003051","article-title":"Evolutionary physiology","volume":"56","author":"Garland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C24","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Evolution of a small-muscle polymorphism in lines of house mice selected for high activity levels","volume":"56","author":"Garland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1584","article-title":"How to run far: Multiple solutions and sex-specific responses to selective breeding for high voluntary activity levels","volume":"278","author":"Garland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.048397","article-title":"The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: Human and rodent perspectives","volume":"214","author":"Garland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icw040","article-title":"Hormones and the evolution of complex traits: Insights from artificial selection on behavior","volume":"56","author":"Garland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/689775","article-title":"Early-life effects on adult physical activity: Concepts, relevance, and experimental approaches","volume":"90","author":"Garland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.20.2709","article-title":"Laboratory selection for the comparative physiologist","volume":"202","author":"Gibbs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20162328","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.2328","article-title":"A broad-scale comparison of aerobic activity levels in vertebrates: endotherms versus ectotherms","volume":"284","author":"Gillooly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(01)00206-6","article-title":"Maternal-care behavior and life-history traits in house mice (Mus domesticus) artificially selected for high voluntary wheel-running activity","volume":"57","author":"Girard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1086\/521086","article-title":"Leptin levels and body composition of mice selectively bred for high voluntary locomotor activity","volume":"80","author":"Girard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/1174772","article-title":"Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research","volume":"5","author":"Glass","year":"1976","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12267","article-title":"Mini meta-analysis of your own studies: Some arguments on why and a primer on how: Mini meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Goh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Personality Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2006.02.009","article-title":"Morphometry, ultrastructure, myosin isoforms, and metabolic capacities of the \u201cmini muscles\u201d favoured by selection for high activity in house mice","volume":"144","author":"Guderley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2007.11.012","article-title":"Altered fibre types in gastrocnemius muscle of high wheel-running selected mice with mini-muscle phenotypes","volume":"149","author":"Guderley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190174","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0174","article-title":"The reign of the p -value is over: What alternative analyses could we employ to fill the power vacuum?","volume":"15","author":"Halsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3288","article-title":"The fickle P value generates irreproducible results","volume":"12","author":"Halsey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-010-9432-3","article-title":"Sex-specific heterosis in line crosses of mice selectively bred for high locomotor activity","volume":"41","author":"Hannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iyac165","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyac165","article-title":"Multiple solutions at the genomic level in response to selective breeding for high locomotor activity","volume":"223","author":"Hillis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.120.303668","article-title":"Genetic basis of aerobically supported voluntary exercise: results from a selection experiment with house mice","volume":"216","author":"Hillis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306397","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306397","article-title":"Large changes in detected selection signatures after a selection limit in mice bred for voluntary wheel-running behavior","volume":"19","author":"Hillis","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.118372","article-title":"A meta-analysis of in vivo vertebrate cardiac performance: implications for cardiovascular support in the evolution of endothermy","volume":"218","author":"Hillman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.06.008","article-title":"Maternal exposure to Western diet affects adult body composition and voluntary wheel running in a genotype-specific manner in mice","volume":"179","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00179.2002","article-title":"Artificial selection for high activity favors mighty mini-muscles in house mice","volume":"284","author":"Houle-Leroy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C46","volume-title":"Behavioral, Neural, and Life History Correlates of Selective Breeding for High Voluntary Exercise in House Mice","author":"Keeney","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.154476","article-title":"A novel intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in the Myosin heavy polypeptide 4 gene is responsible for the mini-muscle phenotype characterized by major reduction in hind-limb muscle mass in mice","volume":"195","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1086\/730153","article-title":"Does behavior evolve first? Correlated responses to selection for voluntary wheel-running behavior in house mice","volume":"97","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol. Physiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.029074","article-title":"Erythropoietin elevates","volume":"213","author":"Kolb","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.076000","article-title":"Mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running have larger midbrains: Support for the mosaic model of brain evolution","volume":"216","author":"Kolb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw121","article-title":"Genomic response to selection for predatory behavior in a mammalian model of adaptive radiation","volume":"33","author":"Konczal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1086\/316653","article-title":"Energy cost of wheel running in house mice: implications for coadaptation of locomotion and energy budgets","volume":"72","author":"Koteja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63768-0.00471-6","article-title":"Coevolution","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Ecology","author":"Langerhans","year":"2008","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1086\/691209","article-title":"Convergence and divergence in a long-term experiment with bacteria","volume":"190","author":"Lenski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1086\/508828","article-title":"Baseline and stress-induced plasma corticosterone concentrations of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running","volume":"80","author":"Malisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-008-9246-8","article-title":"Behavioral despair and home-cage activity in mice with chronically elevated baseline corticosterone concentrations","volume":"39","author":"Malisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-014-0258-0","article-title":"Impacts of genetic correlation on the independent evolution of body mass and skeletal size in mammals","volume":"14","author":"Marchini","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.028886","article-title":"Endurance capacity of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running","volume":"212","author":"Meek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.25","article-title":"Western diet increases wheel running in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running","volume":"34","author":"Meek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01248-9","article-title":"Genomic characterization of the world's longest selection experiment in mouse reveals the complexity of polygenic traits","volume":"20","author":"Palma-Vera","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2296.1775-d","article-title":"Report on certain enteric fever inoculation statistics","volume":"2","author":"Pearson","year":"1904","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c091001","article-title":"Highly athletic terrestrial mammals: Horses and dogs","volume-title":"Comprehensive Physiology","author":"Poole","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C64","first-page":"551","article-title":"Evolution of aging and late life","volume-title":"Experimental Evolution: Concepts. Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments","author":"Rauser","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1086\/605917","article-title":"Running behavior and its energy cost in mice selectively bred for high voluntary locomotor activity","volume":"82","author":"Rezende","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01631","article-title":"Maximal metabolic rates during voluntary exercise, forced exercise, and cold exposure in house mice selectively bred for high wheel-running","volume":"208","author":"Rezende","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01883","article-title":"Maximum aerobic performance in lines of Mus selected for high wheel-running activity: effects of selection, oxygen availability and the mini-muscle phenotype","volume":"209","author":"Rezende","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C68","first-page":"263","article-title":"Behavior and neurobiology","volume-title":"Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments","author":"Rhodes","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/45.3.438","article-title":"Neurobiology of mice selected for high voluntary wheel-running activity","volume":"45","author":"Rhodes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650050357","article-title":"The enemies within: intergenomic conflict, interlocus contest evolution (ICE), and the intraspecific Red Queen","volume":"41","author":"Rice","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C71","volume-title":"Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2008","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1086\/590164","article-title":"Laboratory model of adaptive radiation: a selection experiment in the Bank Vole","volume":"81","author":"Sadowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150025","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0025","article-title":"Evolution of basal metabolic rate in bank voles from a multidirectional selection experiment","volume":"282","author":"Sadowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000533524","article-title":"Hippocampal, whole midbrain, red nucleus, and ventral tegmental area volumes are increased by selective breeding for high voluntary wheel-running behavior","volume":"98","author":"Schmill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes. Brain Behav."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245256","article-title":"Selective breeding for high voluntary exercise in mice increases maximal (V\u0307O2,max) but not basal metabolic rate","volume":"226","author":"Schwartz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010502","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2021.010502","article-title":"Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies","volume":"31","author":"Serdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Med. (Zagreb)"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800148","article-title":"Correlational selection and the evolution of genomic architecture","volume":"89","author":"Sinervo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00100.2015","article-title":"Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology","volume":"309","author":"Storz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","article-title":"Using effect size\u2014or why the p-value is not enough","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021479331779","article-title":"Artificial selection for increased wheel-running behavior in house mice","volume":"28","author":"Swallow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.18.2513","article-title":"Artificial selection for increased wheel-running activity in house mice results in decreased body mass at maturity","volume":"202","author":"Swallow","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600100216","article-title":"Food consumption and body composition in mice selected for high wheel-running activity","volume":"171","author":"Swallow","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B Biochem. Syst. Envir. Physiol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C83","first-page":"301","article-title":"Selection experiments and experimental evolution of performance and physiology","volume-title":"Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments","author":"Swallow","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2014.08.004","article-title":"Myosin heavy chain isoform expression in adult and juvenile mini-muscle mice bred for high-voluntary wheel running","volume":"134","author":"Talmadge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-976542","article-title":"Plasma adiponectin is increased in mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity, but not by wheel running per s\u00e9","volume":"39","author":"Vaanholt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01800.x","article-title":"Trade-off between growth and immune function: a meta-analysis of selection experiments","volume":"25","author":"van der Most","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C87","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new evolutionary law","volume":"1","author":"Van Valen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Evol. Theory"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00077797","article-title":"Insensitivity of the analysis of variance to heredity-environment interaction","volume":"13","author":"Wahlsten","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21481","article-title":"Mobility as an emergent property of biological organization: Insights from experimental evolution","volume":"25","author":"Wallace","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol. Anthropol."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","article-title":"The ASA's statement on p -values: Context, process, and purpose","volume":"70","author":"Wasserstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/126.4.975","article-title":"Selection on wing allometry in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"126","author":"Weber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1890\/05-1883","article-title":"Allometric exponents do not support a universal metabolic allometry","volume":"88","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024090909010249100_JEB249213C93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2014.122","article-title":"A strong response to selection on mass-independent maximal metabolic rate without a correlated response in basal metabolic rate","volume":"114","author":"Wone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.249213\/3558800\/jeb249213.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.249213\/3564534\/jeb249213.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.249213\/3564534\/jeb249213.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:01:42Z","timestamp":1725858102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/227\/17\/jeb249213\/361945\/A-meta-analysis-of-whole-body-and-heart-mass"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.249213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"article-number":"jeb249213"}}