{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:05:52Z","timestamp":1753884352594,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DP210102595","DP240102385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP210102595","DP240102385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>During sleep, behavioral responsiveness to external stimuli is decreased. This classical definition of sleep has been applied effectively across the animal kingdom to identify this common behavioral state in a growing list of creatures, from mammals to invertebrates. Yet, it remains unclear whether decreased behavioral responsiveness during sleep is necessarily associated with decreased responsiveness in brain activity, especially in insects. Here, we performed long-term multichannel electrophysiology in tethered Drosophila melanogaster flies exposed continuously to repetitive visual stimuli. Flies were still able to sleep under these visual stimulation conditions, as determined by traditional immobility duration criteria for the field. Interestingly, we did not find any difference between responses to repetitive visual stimuli during sleep compared with wake when we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) across a transect of the fly brain from optic lobes to the central brain. However, we did find LFP responses to be altered when visual stimuli were variable and of lower probability, especially in the central brain. Central brain responses to less predictable or \u2018deviant\u2019 stimuli were lower during the deepest stage of sleep, a time of quiescence characterized by more regular proboscis extensions. This shows that the sleeping fly brain processes low-probability visual stimuli in a different way from more repeated stimuli, and presents Drosophila as a promising model for studying the potential role of sleep in regulating predictive processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T08:20:42Z","timestamp":1745914842000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term multichannel recordings in <i>Drosophila<\/i> flies reveal altered predictive processing during sleep compared with wake"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6524-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew N.","family":"Van De Poll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-7418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"van Swinderen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.12.002","article-title":"The vigilant sleeper: neural mechanisms of sensory (de)coupling during sleep","volume":"15","author":"Andrillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol. Physiol. Sleep"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP88198","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.88198","article-title":"Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptomes in Drosophila","volume":"12","author":"Anthoney","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.02.015","article-title":"REM sleep enhancement of probabilistic classification learning is sensitive to subsequent interference","volume":"122","author":"Barsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241","article-title":"The origin of extracellular fields and currents \u2014 EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes","volume":"13","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(84)90054-X","article-title":"Animal sleep: A review of sleep duration across phylogeny","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91355","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91355","article-title":"Homeostatic control of deep sleep and molecular correlates of sleep pressure in Drosophila","volume":"12","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0116-16.2016","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0116-16.2016","article-title":"Local versus global effects of isoflurane anesthesia on visual processing in the fly brain","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03954-w","article-title":"Sensory processing during sleep in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"598","author":"French","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.04.008","article-title":"Walking strides direct rapid and flexible recruitment of visual circuits for course control in Drosophila","volume":"110","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000106","article-title":"The structure of sequential effects","volume":"145","author":"G\u00f6kaydin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2010749117","article-title":"Oscillations in the central brain of Drosophila are phase locked to attended visual features","volume":"117","author":"Grabowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80877-6","article-title":"Rest in Drosophila is a sleep-like state","volume":"25","author":"Hendricks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.4.628","article-title":"Sleep homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"27","author":"Huber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadj4399","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj4399","article-title":"Multivariate classification of multichannel long-term electrophysiology data identifies different sleep stages in fruit flies","volume":"10","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49501-9","article-title":"Divergent evolution of sleep in Drosophila species","volume":"15","author":"Joyce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/301707a0","article-title":"Neuronal correlates of sleep, wakefulness and arousal in a diurnal insect","volume":"301","author":"Kaiser","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"volume-title":"A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects, NIH publication","year":"1968","author":"Kales","key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C17"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4083","article-title":"Cellular evidence for efference copy in Drosophila visuomotor processing","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb191429","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.191429","article-title":"Sleep regulates visual selective attention in Drosophila","volume":"221","author":"Kirszenblat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsz102","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz102","article-title":"Visual experience drives sleep need in Drosophila","volume":"42","author":"Kirszenblat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04067-0","article-title":"Building an allocentric travelling direction signal via vector computation","volume-title":"Nature","author":"Lyu","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00078407","article-title":"The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function","volume":"13","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01300-3","article-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of rest and activity in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"12","author":"Nitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/15.6.4","article-title":"The steady-state visual evoked potential in vision research: A review","volume":"15","author":"Norcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12807","article-title":"The elicitation of steady-state visual evoked potentials during sleep","volume":"54","author":"Norton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153715","article-title":"Vision in Drosophila: seeing the world through a model's eyes","volume":"58","author":"Paulk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00414.2013","article-title":"Multichannel brain recordings in behaving Drosophila reveal oscillatory activity and local coherence in response to sensory stimulation and circuit activation","volume":"110","author":"Paulk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10304","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0691-15.2015","article-title":"Closed-loop behavioral control increases coherence in the fly brain","volume":"35","author":"Paulk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.082","article-title":"The regulation of Drosophila sleep","volume":"31","author":"Shafer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1834","article-title":"Correlates of sleep and waking in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"287","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2020.107936","article-title":"Mismatch-negativity (MMN) in animal models: Homology of human MMN?","volume":"399","author":"Shiramatsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1353","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501026112","article-title":"Disruption of hierarchical predictive coding during sleep","volume":"112","author":"Strauss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4581","article-title":"Neural signatures of dynamic stimulus selection in Drosophila","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.081","article-title":"A paradoxical kind of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"31","author":"Tainton-Heap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37105","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.37105","article-title":"Acute control of the sleep switch in Drosophila reveals a role for gap junctions in regulating behavioral responsiveness","volume":"7","author":"Troup","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1657-22.2023","article-title":"Neural ensemble fragmentation in the anesthetized Drosophila brain","volume":"43","author":"Troup","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0061-13.2013","article-title":"A dynamic deep sleep stage in Drosophila","volume":"33","author":"van Alphen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc2999","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc2999","article-title":"A deep sleep stage in Drosophila with a functional role in waste clearance","volume":"7","author":"van Alphen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.768762","article-title":"Balancing prediction and surprise: a role for active sleep at the dawn of consciousness?","volume":"15","author":"Van De Poll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pdb.prot108418","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot108418","article-title":"Whole-brain electrophysiology in drosophila during sleep and wake","volume":"2024","author":"Van De Poll","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.7pvmcvf5h","article-title":"Predictive processing during sleep and wake in Drosophila flies","author":"Van De Poll","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dryad Dataset"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09457-6","article-title":"Sound disrupts sleep-associated brain oscillations in rodents in a meaning-dependent manner","volume":"12","author":"van Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00096","article-title":"Competing visual flicker reveals attention-like rivalry in the fly brain","volume":"6","author":"van Swinderen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1054","article-title":"Salience modulates 20\u201330 Hz brain activity in Drosophila","volume":"6","author":"van Swinderen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.11.005","article-title":"Steady-state visually evoked potentials: Focus on essential paradigms and future perspectives","volume":"90","author":"Vialatte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917573117","article-title":"Covert sleep-related biological processes are revealed by probabilistic analysis in Drosophila","volume":"117","author":"Wiggin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23705","article-title":"Neuroarchitecture and neuroanatomy of the Drosophila central complex: A GAL4-based dissection of protocerebral bridge neurons and circuits","volume":"523","author":"Wolff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5634","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809398107","article-title":"Contribution of photoreceptor subtypes to spectral wavelength preference in Drosophila","volume":"107","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025060305402695200_JEB250165C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02024-y","article-title":"Oscillatory brain activity in spontaneous and induced sleep stages in flies","volume":"8","author":"Yap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250165\/3646473\/jeb250165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250165\/3650878\/jeb250165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250165\/3650878\/jeb250165.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T09:40:33Z","timestamp":1748943633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/228\/11\/jeb250165\/368170\/Long-term-multichannel-recordings-in-Drosophila"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.250165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0949"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-9145"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"article-number":"jeb250165"}}