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Microplastics are ubiquitous in both aquatic and terrestrial environments and can disrupt organismal physiology. We used Drosophila melanogaster as a model species to identify the metabolic effects of dietary exposure to 1\u2005\u00b5m polystyrene microplastic (MP) and 50\u2005nm nanoplastic (NP) particles. We exposed flies to ecologically relevant and equivalent doses (1.4\u00d71011\u00a0particles day\u22121\u00a0kg\u22121 larvae for MPs; 1.2\u00d71018\u00a0particles day\u22121\u00a0kg\u22121 larvae for NPs) from egg to adult eclosion and used flow-through respirometry to investigate changes in the volume of carbon dioxide production and evaporative water loss rate. We observed that MP exposure disrupted the relationship between carbon dioxide production and water loss rate \u2013 suggesting the use of alternative metabolic pathways \u2013 while NP exposure did not. Such responses could have implications for physiological function, ecological interactions and evolutionary trajectories amid ongoing environmental change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:45:58Z","timestamp":1758012358000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metabolic effects of dietary exposure to polystyrene microplastic and nanoplastic in fruit flies"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A.","family":"Riddell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology , , Ames, IA 50011 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of North Carolina 2 Department of Biology , , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology , , Ames, IA 50011 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"McNeill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University 3 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , , Ames, IA 50011 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology , , Ames, IA 50011 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101306470219000_JEB250522C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(01)00128-7","article-title":"Revisiting water loss in insects: a large scale view","volume":"12","author":"Addo-Bediako","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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