{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:08:20Z","timestamp":1792591700886,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/T008717\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/T008717\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Commonwealth Rutherford Fellowship","award":["INRF-2017-254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INRF-2017-254"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000736","name":"University of East Anglia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Heatwaves are becoming more common and severe. Previous work has highlighted male insects as being particularly vulnerable to multi-day continuous heatwaves, yet our understanding of short duration heatwave impacts on insects is limited. Here, we assessed the impacts of short, simulated heatwave exposures (2, 5 and 10\u2005h) using ecologically relevant temperatures (42, 44, 46, 48 and 50\u00b0C) on survival, reproductive output, testes volume and sperm length in Tribolium castaneum. We show that reproductive output is compromised at lower temperatures than survival, especially during the shortest heatwaves, supporting the notion that thermal fertility limits are lower than thermal viability limits. Furthermore, testes volume was reduced by 40% after a 10\u2005h exposure at 42\u00b0C and sperm length decreased by 2.7% after an exposure of 42\u00b0C for just 2\u2005h. This highlights that even short heat exposure can impact male fertility and reproductive trait morphology at temperatures below viability limits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T08:43:57Z","timestamp":1752223437000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Short experimental heatwaves have sublethal impacts on male reproduction in a model insect"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2747-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":", University of East Anglia 1 School of Biological Sciences , Norwich, NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3831-0384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramakrishnan","family":"Vasudeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter 2 Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, Ecology and Conservation , , Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0269-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay","family":"Dragoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of East Anglia 1 School of Biological Sciences , Norwich, NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5216-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josie","family":"Hibble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of East Anglia 1 School of Biological Sciences , Norwich, NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5914-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of East Anglia 1 School of Biological Sciences , Norwich, NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexei A.","family":"Maklakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of East Anglia 1 School of Biological Sciences , Norwich, NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of East Anglia 1 School of Biological Sciences , Norwich, NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-6879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J. G.","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bio038141","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.038141","article-title":"Independent and combined effects of daytime heat stress and nighttime recovery determine thermal performance","volume":"8","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1673\/031.011.17401","article-title":"Metamorphosis and gonad maturation in the horn fly Haematobia irritans","volume":"11","author":"Basso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-080921-075157","article-title":"Tribolium castaneum: a model insect for fundamental and applied research","volume":"67","author":"Campbell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2023.104491","article-title":"Sperm can't take the heat: short-term temperature exposures compromise fertility of male bumble bees (Bombus impatiens)","volume":"146","author":"Campion","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2023.103589","article-title":"Developmental heat stress interrupts spermatogenesis inducing early male sterility in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"114","author":"Canal Domenech","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1400253","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1400253","article-title":"Accelerated modern human\u2013induced species losses: entering the sixth mass extinction","volume":"1","author":"Ceballos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-023-00377-4","article-title":"Rapidly increasing likelihood of exceeding 50\u00b0C in parts of the Mediterranean and the Middle East due to human influence","volume":"6","author":"Christidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C8","unstructured":"Dickinson, M.\n           (2018). The impacts of heat-wave conditions on reproduction in a model insect, Tribolium castaneum. PhD thesis, University of East Anglia. https:\/\/ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/67673"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12303","DOI":"10.1002\/2688-8319.12303","article-title":"A systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction","volume":"5","author":"Dougherty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol Solut. Evid."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2005.00078.x","article-title":"Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority","volume":"19","author":"Dunn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.21798","article-title":"Drosophila spermiogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Fabian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3354\/cr019193","article-title":"Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century","volume":"19","author":"Frich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.13","article-title":"Experimental evolution reveals that sperm competition intensity selects for longer, more costly sperm","volume":"1","author":"Godwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evol. Lett."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10211-023-00431-7","article-title":"Detrimental impact of a heatwave on male reproductive behaviour and fertility","volume":"27","author":"Grandela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Ethol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.10.031","article-title":"Diurnal temperature cycle as observed by thermal infrared and microwave radiometers","volume":"158","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13010074","article-title":"Impacts of non-lethal high-temperature stress on the development and reproductive organs of Bradysia odoriphaga","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13447","article-title":"Temperature\u2013induced developmental plasticity in Plodia interpunctella: Reproductive behaviour and sperm length","volume":"32","author":"Iossa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13279","article-title":"How to assess Drosophila heat tolerance: Unifying static and dynamic tolerance assays to predict heat distribution limits","volume":"33","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/phen.12282","article-title":"Terrestrial insects and climate change: adaptive responses in key traits","volume":"44","author":"Kellermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Entomol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2024\/2476","article-title":"Experimental heatwaves impair male fertility in oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata","volume":"44","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Entomol. Gen."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2012.08.012","article-title":"Climate warming may increase aphids\u2019 dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures","volume":"58","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-041520-074454","article-title":"Survive a warming climate: insect responses to extreme high temperatures","volume":"66","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13738","article-title":"Mating under climate change: impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators","volume":"35","author":"Martinet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098704","article-title":"More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century","volume":"305","author":"Meehl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2024.104001","article-title":"Life stage-specific effects of heat stress on spermatogenesis and oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"125","author":"Meena","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12030292","article-title":"Heatwaves and summer urban heat islands: a daily cycle approach to unveil the urban thermal signal changes in Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"12","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14421","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14421","article-title":"Thermal limits of survival and reproduction depend on stress duration: a case study of Drosophila suzukii","volume":"27","author":"\u00d8rsted","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.38.3.30152840","article-title":"Cannibalistic predation in populations of flour beetles","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol. Physiol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01047-0","article-title":"Temperatures that sterilize males better match global species distributions than lethal temperatures","volume":"11","author":"Parratt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16970-7","article-title":"Increasing trends in regional heatwaves","volume":"11","author":"Perkins-Kirkpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14386","article-title":"The consequences of heatwaves for animal reproduction are timing\u2013dependent","volume":"37","author":"Pilakouta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-021-00420-1","article-title":"Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology","volume":"126","author":"Pointer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13018","article-title":"Local adaptation of reproductive performance during thermal stress","volume":"30","author":"Porcelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb246698","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.246698","article-title":"Heatwaves inflict reproductive but not survival costs to male insects","volume":"227","author":"Ratz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12268","article-title":"Tolerance landscapes in thermal ecology","volume":"28","author":"Rezende","year":"2014","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01087","article-title":"Heat induced male sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: adaptive genetic variations among geographic populations and role of the Y chromosome","volume":"207","author":"Rohmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07273-z","article-title":"Experimental heatwaves compromise sperm function and cause transgenerational damage in a model insect","volume":"9","author":"Sales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201717","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.201717","article-title":"Fertility and mortality impacts of thermal stress from experimental heatwaves on different life stages and their recovery in a model insect","volume":"8","author":"Sales","year":"2021","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231949","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.231949","article-title":"Experimental heatwaves reduce the effectiveness of ejaculates at occupying female reproductive tracts in a model insect","volume":"11","author":"Sales","year":"2024","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C41","unstructured":"Seneviratne, S. I., Zhang, X., Adnan, M., Badi, W., Dereczynski, C., Di Luca, A., Ghosh, S., Iskandar, I., Kossin, J., Lewis, S.et al. (2021). Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1513-1766."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16712","article-title":"Microhabitat conditions remedy heat stress effects on insect activity","volume":"29","author":"Terlau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/02646811.2018.1450895","article-title":"Climate change caused by human activities is happening and it already has major consequences","volume":"36","author":"Trenberth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Energy Nat. Res. Law"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"cou062","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/cou062","article-title":"Physiological effects of heat stress on Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila: genome-wide expression patterns and stress-related traits","volume":"3","author":"Uy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160134","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0134","article-title":"Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events: challenges and directions","volume":"372","author":"van de Pol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22546-w","article-title":"Male fertility thermal limits predict vulnerability to climate warming","volume":"12","author":"van Heerwaarden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12431","article-title":"Developmental temperature affects the expression of ejaculatory traits and the outcome of sperm competition in Callosobruchus maculatus","volume":"27","author":"Vasudeva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49452","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.49452","article-title":"Adaptive thermal plasticity enhances sperm and egg performance in a model insect","volume":"8","author":"Vasudeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023989118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023989118","article-title":"Insect decline in the Anthropocene: Death by a thousand cuts","volume":"118","author":"Wagner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2001104","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2001104","article-title":"Climate-related local extinctions are already widespread among plant and animal species","volume":"14","author":"Wiens","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/9789211065206","volume-title":"WMO Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (Target years: 2024 and 2024-2028)","author":"World Meteorological Organisation","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C54","first-page":"7","article-title":"Diagnostic checking in regression relationships","volume":"2","author":"Zeileis","year":"2002","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v027.i08","article-title":"Regression models for count data in R","volume":"27","author":"Zeileis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"2025080104420191200_JEB250555C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-021-00178-7","article-title":"Business-as-usual will lead to super and ultra-extreme heatwaves in the Middle East and North Africa","volume":"4","author":"Zittis","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250555\/3656298\/jeb250555.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250555\/3659260\/jeb250555.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250555\/3659260\/jeb250555.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T08:42:40Z","timestamp":1754037760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/228\/15\/jeb250555\/368761\/Short-experimental-heatwaves-have-sublethal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.250555","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"article-number":"jeb250555"}}