{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:25:00Z","timestamp":1791120300563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-2\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The two huge Mauthner neurons (MNs) form the center of the fast-start network in the hindbrain of fish. Their activation initiates a rapid turning maneuver, the so-called C-start, within milliseconds. Here, we recorded intracellularly from the MNs of goldfish to quantify the spatiotemporal flow of visual information from the two eyes, the optic nerves, and the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of the optic tectum (OT) to each MN. Strong light flashes delivered to one eye induced postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in both MNs after a delay of 35\u2005ms. By directly stimulating the optic nerve, we show that most of this time (80%) is needed for transduction and processing in the retina. Visual stimulation of the eye and direct electrical stimulation of the optic nerve was effective regardless of which eye or which optic nerve was stimulated. Stimulating any region of the ipsilateral or contralateral OT caused PSPs in both MNs. Remarkably, the PSPs induced by our brief visual and electrical stimuli were of remarkably complex structure and long duration. The connectivity pattern and PSP durations we describe here suggest an arrangement that supports a high degree of flexibility in C-start directionality and the integration of sensory information that arrives with different delays in a natural encounter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:42:52Z","timestamp":1765269772000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["How visual information reaches the goldfish Mauthner neuron: from seeing to a fast-start decision in 35\u2005ms"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0030-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Leupolz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bayreuth Department of Animal Physiology , , D-95440 Bayreuth ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bayreuth Department of Animal Physiology , , D-95440 Bayreuth ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Machnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bayreuth Department of Animal Physiology , , D-95440 Bayreuth ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90801-6.00148-8","article-title":"Movement specialization: Mauthner cells","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology","author":"Allan","year":"2024","edition":"2dn edn"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10892","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1205-13.2014","article-title":"NMDA spike\/plateau potentials in dendrites of thalamocortical neurons","volume":"34","author":"Augustinaite","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.09.055","article-title":"Sensorimotor decision making in the zebrafish tectum","volume":"25","author":"Barker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.06.003","article-title":"Where are multisensory signals combined for perceptual decision-making?","volume":"40","author":"Bizley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opinion Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00213683","article-title":"Activation of Mauthner neurons during prey capture","volume":"172","author":"Canfield","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2021.06.002","article-title":"Ih from synapses to networks: HCN channel function and modulation in neurons","volume":"166","author":"Combe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20149332","article-title":"Fast-starting after a breath: air-breathing motions are kinematically similar to escape responses in the catfish Hoplosternum littorale","volume":"4","author":"Domenici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.66.1.65","article-title":"The Mauthner-initiated startle response in teleost fish","volume":"66","author":"Eaton","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901650204","article-title":"Projections of the optic tectum in two teleost species","volume":"165","author":"Ebbesson","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neur."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.05.001","article-title":"Olfactory stimulation selectively modulates the OFF pathway in the retina of zebrafish","volume":"79","author":"Esposti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C11","first-page":"47","article-title":"Electrophysiology of the Mauthner cell: Basic properties, synaptic mechanisms, and associated networks","volume-title":"Neurobiology of the Mauthner Cell","author":"Faber","year":"1978"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C12","first-page":"505","article-title":"The Mauthner cell microcircuits: sensory integration, decision-making, and motor functions","volume-title":"Handbook of Brain Microcircuits","author":"Faber","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb42187.x","article-title":"Neuronal networks underlying the escape response in goldfish","volume":"563","author":"Faber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C14","volume-title":"Hearing in Vertebrates: a Psychophysics Databook","author":"Fay","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.61.1.243","article-title":"Acoustic stimulation of the goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"61","author":"Fay","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C16","first-page":"517","article-title":"Spinal circuit for escape in goldfish and zebrafish","volume-title":"Handbook of Brain Microcircuits","author":"Fetcho","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.014","article-title":"Feeding state modulates behavioral choice and processing of prey stimuli in the zebrafish tectum","volume":"90","author":"Filosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58596","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58596","article-title":"Retinotectal circuitry of larval zebrafish is adapted to detection and pursuit of prey","volume":"9","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1962.25.6.732","article-title":"Intracellular and extracellular responses of the several regions of the Mauthner cell of the goldfish","volume":"25","author":"Furshpan","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9294","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2678-05.2005","article-title":"Visual prey capture in larval zebrafish is controlled by identified reticulospinal neurons downstream of the tectum","volume":"25","author":"Gahtan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13664","article-title":"Sensory-evoked LTP driven by dendritic plateau potentials in vivo","volume":"515","author":"Gambino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5082306","article-title":"Directional hearing and sound source localization by fishes","volume":"144","author":"Hawkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918578117","article-title":"Removing a single neuron in a vertebrate brain forever abolishes an essential behavior","volume":"117","author":"Hecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102551","article-title":"Ecological decision-making: from circuit elements to emerging principles","volume":"74","author":"Hein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.180914011","article-title":"Conserved behavioral circuits govern high-speed decision-making in wild fish shoals","volume":"115","author":"Hein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.10.021","article-title":"Topography of visuomotor transformation","volume":"100","author":"Helmbrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01967.1990","article-title":"Activation kinetics of retinal cones and rods: response to intense flashes of light","volume":"10","author":"Hestrin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2415854121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415854121","article-title":"Stabilizing selection in an identified multisensory neuron in blind cavefish","volume":"121","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.04.001","article-title":"The tectum\/superior colliculus as the vertebrate solution for spatial sensory integration and action","volume":"31","author":"Isa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1964.sp001720","article-title":"Types of visual response from single units in the optic tectum and optic nerve of the goldfish","volume":"49","author":"Jacobson","year":"1964","journal-title":"Quart. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C30","first-page":"155","article-title":"Vertebrate phototransduction: activation, recovery, and adaptation","volume":"47","author":"Jindrov\u00e1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.07.019","article-title":"Retinal parallel pathways: seeing with our inner fish","volume":"49","author":"Joselevitch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619747","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/619747","article-title":"The role of HCN channels on membrane excitability in the nervous system","volume":"2012","author":"Kase","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Signal Transd."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14682","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3389-14.2014","article-title":"Difference in the gain in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones in carp","volume":"34","author":"Kawakami","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.04.600","article-title":"Rod and cone photoreceptors: molecular basis of the difference in their physiology","volume":"150","author":"Kawamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc9920","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc9920","article-title":"Dendritic and parallel processing of visual threats in the retina control defensive responses","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.06.002","article-title":"Roles of periventricular neurons in retinotectal transmission in the optic tectum","volume":"79","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Progress Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804042-3.00016-6","article-title":"The optic tectum: a structure evolved for stimulus selection","volume-title":"The Evolution of the Nervous Systems in Nonmammalian Vertebrates","author":"Knudsen","year":"2017","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821099-4.00016-X","article-title":"Analgesia, anesthesia, and euthanasia in zebrafish","volume-title":"Laboratory Fish in Biomedical Research","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C39","first-page":"363","article-title":"Vision","volume-title":"Neurosciences","author":"Kretzberg","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.10.066","article-title":"Fruit-catching fish tune their fast starts to compensate for drift","volume":"18","author":"Krupczynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90210-9","article-title":"Afferent and efferent connections of the optic tectum in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"220","author":"Luiten","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6935","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226935","article-title":"Recording from an identified neuron efficiently reveals hazard for brain function in risk assessment","volume":"26","author":"Machnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb175588","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.175588","article-title":"The Mauthner cell in a fish with top-performance and yet flexibly tuned C-starts. II. Physiology","volume":"221","author":"Machnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36130-8","article-title":"Recordings in an integrating central neuron provide a quick way for identifying appropriate anesthetic use in fish","volume":"8","author":"Machnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb182535","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.182535","article-title":"The Mauthner cell in a fish with top-performance and yet flexibly tuned C-starts. I. Identification and comparative morphology","volume":"221","author":"Machnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04695-4","article-title":"Recordings in an integrating central neuron reveal the mode of action of isoeugenol","volume":"6","author":"Machnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comm. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00011.2008","article-title":"Spatiotemporally graded NMDA spike\/plateau potentials in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons","volume":"99","author":"Major","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209266","article-title":"Auditory-induced responses in the primary sensory cortex of rodents","volume":"13","author":"Maruyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.3.847","article-title":"Light response of vertebrate photoreceptors","volume":"70","author":"McNaughton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90008-5","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the tectum mesencephali of the goldfish. An explorative analysis of the functional implications of the laminar structural organization of the tectum","volume":"6","author":"Meek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C51","first-page":"577","article-title":"Low-level visual processing: the retina","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"Meister","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.056226","article-title":"Characteristics of the anterior lateral line nerve input to the Mauthner cell","volume":"214","author":"Mirjany","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00064","article-title":"What is the thalamus in zebrafish?","volume":"6","author":"Mueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.011","article-title":"The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex","volume":"83","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18262-4","volume-title":"The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates","author":"Nieuwenhuys","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374553-8.00093-9","article-title":"The optic tectum","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology","author":"Northmore","year":"2011","edition":"5th edn"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP99424","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.99424","article-title":"Multisensory integration enhances audiovisual responses in the Mauthner cell","volume":"13","author":"Otero-Coronel","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3708","article-title":"Electrical synapses and their functional interactions with chemical synapses","volume":"15","author":"Pereda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.06.010","article-title":"Dynamics of electrical transmission at club endings on the Mauthner cells","volume":"47","author":"Pereda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03726.2003","article-title":"Visuomotor behaviors in larval zebrafish after GFP-guided laser ablation of the optic tectum","volume":"23","author":"Roeser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(79)90139-8","article-title":"The goldfish optic tectum: a Golgi study","volume":"4","author":"Romeskie","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011782107","article-title":"Parallel information processing channels created in the retina","volume":"107","author":"Schiller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb249772","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.249772","article-title":"A fish that escapes towards looming-disk stimuli","volume":"228","author":"Schulze","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200800227","article-title":"Big decisions by small networks","volume":"32","author":"Schuster","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-023-01658-2","article-title":"The archerfish predictive C-start","volume":"209","author":"Schuster","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901240109","article-title":"Organization of the visual projection upon the optic tectum of some freshwater fish","volume":"124","author":"Schwassmann","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neur."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21059-9_7","article-title":"Directional Hearing and Sound Source Localization in Fishes","volume-title":"Fish Hearing and Bioacoustics","author":"Sisneros","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21499","article-title":"Otolith endorgan input to the Mauthner neuron in the goldfish","volume":"505","author":"Szabo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.06.002","article-title":"A visual pathway for looming-evoked escape in larval zebrafish","volume":"25","author":"Temizer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1055","article-title":"Primary visual cortex and visual awareness","volume":"4","author":"Tong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Rev."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6540","article-title":"Linear information processing in the retina: a study of horizontal cell responses","volume":"78","author":"Tranchina","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02646","article-title":"The predictive start of hunting archer fish: a flexible and precise motor pattern performed with the kinematics of an escape C-start","volume":"210","author":"W\u00f6hl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.66.1.243","article-title":"Correlation of the startle reflex and Mauthner cell auditory responses in unstrained goldfish","volume":"66","author":"Zottoli","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026011404053777300_JEB250723C74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91170-X","article-title":"Localization of optic tectal input to the ventral dendrite of the goldfish Mauthner cell","volume":"401","author":"Zottoli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250723\/3676114\/jeb250723.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250723\/3680785\/jeb250723.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250723\/3680785\/jeb250723.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:05:50Z","timestamp":1768381550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/229\/2\/jeb250723\/370364\/How-visual-information-reaches-the-goldfish"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.250723","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"article-number":"jeb250723"}}