{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:26:35Z","timestamp":1787005595375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Parc national de la Vanoise"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Agency for Cohesion of Territory"},{"name":"ASTERS-CEN74"},{"name":"Observatoire des Galliformes de Montagne"},{"name":"Fonds national d'am\u00e9nagement et de d\u00e9veloppement du territoire"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["VR-2020-05107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR-2020-05107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MISU F.6002.24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MISU F.6002.24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MISU F.6002.22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MISU F.6002.22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding the visual systems of birds can inform conservation efforts and mitigate the impact of collisions with human-made structures. Here, we investigated the visual abilities of the black grouse, Lyrurus tetrix (Galliformes: Phasianidae), a European mountain bird highly vulnerable to collisions with aerial infrastructures. We show that black grouse have wide monocular lateral visual fields, extensive binocular overlap and a minimal blind area behind the head, altogether indicating the ability to detect aerial objects from different fields of view. The spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity of the black grouse are in the low avian range but align with the ecology of a prey species and allow the establishment of the limits of detection of an object size and contrast under variable environmental conditions. To characterize the range of wavelengths perceived, the four cone visual pigments (SWS1, SWS2, Rh2 and LW) were reconstituted and characterized functionally, showing detection of light across a spectral range spanning the visible spectrum up to 650\u2005nm and with limited sensitivity below 400\u2005nm. Combined with spectral and achromatic modelling analyses, our results inform on the limits of detection of aerial objects and the perception of existing visual markers that are currently employed to mitigate black grouse collisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:01:25Z","timestamp":1776960085000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the visual system of the black grouse (\n                    <i>Lyrurus tetrix<\/i>\n                    ): combining experimental and molecular approaches to inform strategies for reducing collisions"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Potier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Potier, Expert Scientifique 1 , 27220 Foucrainville ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3675-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Lassance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge 2 , 4000 Li\u00e8ge ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constance","family":"Blary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD 3 , 34090 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Coulombier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc national de la Vanoise 4 , 73000 Chamb\u00e9ry ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Berthillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc national de la Vanoise 4 , 73000 Chamb\u00e9ry ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Cavailhes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc national de la Vanoise 4 , 73000 Chamb\u00e9ry ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charleyne","family":"Buisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc national de la Vanoise 4 , 73000 Chamb\u00e9ry ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1660-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginie M.","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association Observatoire des Galliformes de Montagne 5 , 74320 Sevrier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3112-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Andraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections, CNRS, Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle 6 , 75005 Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3193-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjorie A.","family":"Li\u00e9nard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge 7 Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Sensory Systems , , 4000 Li\u00e8ge ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050197","article-title":"Flight speeds among bird species: allometric and phylogenetic effects","volume":"5","author":"Alerstam","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170209","DOI":"10.5751\/ACE-02217-170209","article-title":"Mitigating avian collisions with power lines through illumination with ultraviolet light","volume":"17","author":"Baasch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Avian Conserv. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2307\/2405284","article-title":"Assessment of bird collisions with deer fences in Scottish forests","volume":"34","author":"Baines","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C3","first-page":"95","article-title":"Bird mortality related to collisions with ski-lift cables: do we estimate just the tip of the iceberg?","volume":"35","author":"Bech","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2013.62","article-title":"Pyrenean ptarmigans decline under climatic and human influences through the Holocene","volume":"111","author":"Bech","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1126\/science.203.4385.1125","article-title":"Red-absorbing visual pigment of butterflies","volume":"203","author":"Bernard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.02.029","article-title":"Bird collisions with power lines: state of the art and priority areas for research","volume":"222","author":"Bernardino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2307\/2404814","article-title":"Estimates and population consequences of tetraonid mortality caused by collisions with high tension power lines in Norway","volume":"32","author":"Bevanger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(97)00176-6","article-title":"Biological and conservation aspects of bird mortality caused by electricity power lines: a review","volume":"86","author":"Bevanger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(79)90029-4","article-title":"Spatial contrast sensitivity in albino and pigmented rats","volume":"19","author":"Birch","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb246342","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.246342","article-title":"Low achromatic contrast sensitivity in birds: a common attribute shared by many phylogenetic orders","volume":"227","author":"Blary","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000057575","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the retinal ganglion cell layer in the ostrich, Struthio camelus","volume":"58","author":"Boire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90180-5","article-title":"Visual pigments and oil droplets in genetically manipulated and carotenoid deprived quail: A microspectrophotometric study","volume":"33","author":"Bowmaker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00026-6","article-title":"Visual pigments and oil droplets from six classes of photoreceptor in the retinas of birds","volume":"37","author":"Bowmaker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spat. Vision"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.063","article-title":"A tissue-mapped axolotl de novo transcriptome enables identification of limb regeneration factors","volume":"18","author":"Bryant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2174\/9781608054886113010010","article-title":"Bird collisions with overhead ski-cables: a reducible source of mortality","author":"Buffet","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Impacts of Skiing and Related Winter Recreational Activities on Mountain Environments"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20231213","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1213","article-title":"Binocular vision and foraging in ducks, geese and swans (Anatidae)","volume":"290","author":"Cantlay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm109","article-title":"The molecular evolution of avian ultraviolet- and violet-sensitive visual pigments","volume":"24","author":"Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb246063","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.246063","article-title":"Ecological and morphological correlates of visual acuity in birds","volume":"227","author":"Caves","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1159\/000341901","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in penguins","volume":"80","author":"Coimbra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09859-7","article-title":"Sexual selection predicts the rate and direction of colour divergence in a large avian radiation","volume":"10","author":"Cooney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C22","first-page":"188","author":"Corona","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(74)90118-7","article-title":"Psychophysical studies of monkey Vision-III. Spatial luminance contrast sensitivity tests of macaque and human observers","volume":"14","author":"De Valois","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C24","first-page":"64","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1439.015","article-title":"Collision effects of wind-power generators and other obstacles on birds","volume":"1134","author":"Drewitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420064452","author":"Dunning","year":"2007","journal-title":"CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"duz008","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/duz008","article-title":"Near-ultraviolet light reduced sandhill crane collisions with a power line by 98%","volume":"121","author":"Dwyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Condor"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C27","first-page":"224","article-title":"Bird strikes and aircraft fuselage color a correlational study","volume":"5","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Juricic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human-Wildlife Interactions"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2020.e01130","article-title":"Efficacy of different types of \u201cbird flight diverter\u201d in reducing bird mortality due to collision with transmission power lines","volume":"23","author":"Ferrer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1613","article-title":"Computational methods for transcriptome annotation and quantification using RNA-seq","volume":"8","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800174036","article-title":"In search of the visual pigment template","volume":"17","author":"Govardovskii","year":"2000","journal-title":"Visual Neurosci."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.2002.00652.x","article-title":"Feeding methods, visual fields and vigilance in dabbling ducks (Anatidae)","volume":"16","author":"Guillemain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2022.10.014","article-title":"The evolutionary history and spectral tuning of vertebrate visual opsins","volume":"493","author":"Hagen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00227.x","article-title":"Eye shape and activity pattern in birds","volume":"271","author":"Hall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2024.1452317","article-title":"Black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) population status, reasons for decline and potential conservation measures from Western and Central Europe to Fennoscandia: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Hamb\u00e1lkov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.14.648692","article-title":"Biologically inspired warning patterns deter birds from wind turbines","author":"Hancock","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/9.7.13","article-title":"Spatial contrast sensitivity and grating acuity of barn owls","volume":"9","author":"Harmening","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00009-X","article-title":"The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors","volume":"20","author":"Hart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Retinal Eye Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1086\/510141","article-title":"Avian visual pigments: characteristics, spectral tuning, and evolution","volume":"169","author":"Hart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-004-0595-3","article-title":"Modelling oil droplet absorption spectra and spectral sensitivities of bird cone photoreceptors","volume":"191","author":"Hart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2017.09.005","article-title":"Insights into visual pigment adaptation and diversity from model ecological and evolutionary systems","volume":"47","author":"Hauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22576","article-title":"Spectral tuning in vertebrate short wavelength-sensitive 1 (SWS1) visual pigments: can wavelength sensitivity be inferred from sequence data?","volume":"322","author":"Hauser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/300057a0","article-title":"Falcon visual sensitivity to grating contrast","volume":"300","author":"Hirsch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2019.05.003","article-title":"Bird colour vision - from cones to perception","volume":"30","author":"Kelber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.2000.00404.x","article-title":"Scaling of visual acuity with body size in mammals and birds","volume":"14","author":"Kiltie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199581139.001.0001","volume-title":"Animal Eyes","author":"Land","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2008986118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008986118","article-title":"The evolution of red color vision is linked to coordinated rhodopsin tuning in lycaenid butterflies","volume":"118","author":"Li\u00e9nard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210279","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0279","article-title":"Molecular advances to study the function, evolution and spectral tuning of arthropod visual opsins","volume":"377","author":"Li\u00e9nard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/11.7.2","article-title":"The spatial tuning of achromatic and chromatic vision in budgerigars","volume":"11","author":"Lind","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-011-0689-7","article-title":"Luminance-dependence of spatial vision in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Bourke's parrots (Neopsephotus bourkii)","volume":"198","author":"Lind","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-012-0742-1","article-title":"Interspecifc variation in eye shape and retinal topography in seven species of galliform bird (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae)","volume":"198","author":"Lisney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1650\/CONDOR-13-090.1","article-title":"Bird\u2013building collisions in the United States: Estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability","volume":"116","author":"Loss","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Condor"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5751\/ACE-00568-080206","article-title":"A first estimate for Canada of the number of birds killed by colliding with building windows","volume":"8","author":"Machtans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Conserv. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2014.08.017","article-title":"Understanding bird collisions at wind farms: An updated review on the causes and possible mitigation strategies","volume":"179","author":"Marques","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90005-1","article-title":"The visual fields of the tawny owl, Strix aluco L","volume":"24","author":"Martin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(86)90112-4","article-title":"Total panoramic vision in the mallard duck, Anas platyrhynchos","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192728","article-title":"Visual fields in woodcocks Scolopax rusticola (Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes)","volume":"174","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/9.11.14","article-title":"What is binocular vision for? A birds\u2019 eye view","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2011.01117.x","article-title":"Understanding bird collisions with man-made objects: a sensory ecology approach","volume":"153","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Embnet J."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199694532.001.0001","volume-title":"The Sensory Ecology of Birds","author":"Martin","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00619","article-title":"What drives bird vision? bill control and predator detection overshadow flight","volume":"11","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/birds3040028","article-title":"Vision-based design and deployment criteria for power line bird diverters","volume":"3","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Birds"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2023.e02386","article-title":"Marine birds: vision-based wind turbine collision mitigation","volume":"42","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2011.01151.x","article-title":"Differences in foraging ecology determine variation in visual fields in ibises and spoonbills (Threskiornithidae)","volume":"153","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2006.00611.x","article-title":"Visual fields in Blue Ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos and Pink-eared Ducks Malacorhynchus membranaceus: visual and tactile foraging","volume":"149","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2012.01227.x","article-title":"Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in Gyps vultures","volume":"154","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2022.2026875","article-title":"What habitat parameters are important for the survival of ground nests in mountain forests? Recommendations for protection of Hazel Grouse Tetrastes bonasia based on an experiment with artificial nests","volume":"68","author":"Matysek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bird Study"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(90)90146-G","article-title":"Mortality in black grouse Tetrao tetrix due to elevated cables","volume":"54","author":"Miquet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbaa429","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa429","article-title":"MITGARD: an automated pipeline for mitochondrial genome assembly in eukaryotic species using RNA-seq data","volume":"22","author":"Nachtigall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg108","article-title":"Complex distribution of avian color vision systems revealed by sequencing the SWS1 opsin from total DNA","volume":"20","author":"\u00d6deen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-009-0474-z","article-title":"Pollinating birds differ in spectral sensitivity","volume":"196","author":"\u00d6deen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12802","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012802","article-title":"Hawk Eyes I: Diurnal raptors differ in visual fields and degree of eye movement","volume":"5","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12769","article-title":"The price of looking sexy: visual ecology of a three-level predator\u2013prey system","volume":"31","author":"Outomuro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01547.x","article-title":"Impact of outdoor winter sports on the abundance of a key indicator species of alpine ecosystems","volume":"45","author":"Patthey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.108456","article-title":"Characterization of visual pigments, oil droplets, lens and cornea in the whooping crane Grus americana","volume":"217","author":"Porter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.12448","article-title":"White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis shows visual field characteristics of hunting raptors","volume":"159","author":"Portugal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.01.032","article-title":"Visual acuity in an opportunistic raptor, the chimango caracara (Milvago chimango)","volume":"157","author":"Potier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.12528","article-title":"Visual configuration of two species of Falconidae with different foraging ecologies","volume":"160","author":"Potier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb177295","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.177295","article-title":"Visual field shape and foraging ecology in diurnal raptors","volume":"221","author":"Potier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20181036","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1036","article-title":"High resolution of colour vision, but low contrast sensitivity in a diurnal raptor","volume":"285","author":"Potier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.05.004","article-title":"Visual adaptations of diurnal and nocturnal raptors","volume":"106","author":"Potier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230664","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.0664","article-title":"Binocular field configuration in owls: the role of foraging ecology","volume":"290","author":"Potier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90226-3","article-title":"Spatial visual acuity of the eagle Aquila audax: a behavioural, optical and anatomical investigation","volume":"25","author":"Reymond","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/11.5.465","article-title":"Combs and sexual selection in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix)","volume":"11","author":"Rintam\u00e4ki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1313","article-title":"Decline of the North American avifauna","volume":"366","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00446-X","article-title":"Assessment of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the chick using an optokinetic nystagmus paradigm","volume":"38","author":"Schmid","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.03767.x","article-title":"Temporal and spatial analyses disclose consequences of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)","volume":"17","author":"Segelbacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75375","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075375","article-title":"Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-048X.2002.330212.x","article-title":"Behavioural evidence for ultraviolet vision in a tetraonid species \u2013 foraging experiment with black grouse Tetrao tetrix","volume":"33","author":"Siitari","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv351","article-title":"BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs","volume":"31","author":"Sim\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s13742-015-0089-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0089-y","article-title":"Rcorrector: efficient and accurate error correction for Illumina RNA-seq reads","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130041","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0041","article-title":"Oil droplets of bird eyes: microlenses acting as spectral filters","volume":"369","author":"Stavenga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-021-01524-z","article-title":"Optocollic responses in adult barn owls (Tyto furcata)","volume":"208","author":"Wagner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(03)00197-6","article-title":"Impacts of ski-development on ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) at Cairn Gorm, Scotland","volume":"116","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33578","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33578","article-title":"Retinal transcriptome sequencing sheds light on the adaptation to nocturnal and diurnal lifestyles in raptors","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026052007285551000_JEB250727C99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220678","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.0678","article-title":"Contrasting coloured ventral wings are a visual collision avoidance signal in birds","volume":"289","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250727\/3695302\/jeb250727.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.250727\/3695302\/jeb250727.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T11:29:05Z","timestamp":1779276545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/229\/8\/jeb250727\/371386\/Exploring-the-visual-system-of-the-black-grouse"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.250727","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"article-number":"jeb250727"}}