{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:49:17Z","timestamp":1787021357640,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Washington"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001906","name":"Washington Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Washington Seattle"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bill sexual dimorphism has been primarily linked to differential use of food resources between sexes. However, intrasexual selection has been suggested to also influence hummingbird bill morphology. Males of Phaethornis longirostris (long-billed hermit) possess sharp, elongated, dagger-like bill-tips that enhance puncturing ability and territory defense during male\u2013male lekking combat. Yet, the prevalence of weaponized bills in hermits and the impact of bill shape on fighting performance remain unexplored. We employed 3D modelling and finite element analysis to explore bill dimorphism and stabbing performance in another lekking hummingbird: Phaethornis guy (green hermit). Our results reveal that P. guy exhibits a male-specific bill-tip dagger, and that males\u2019 straighter bills show greater biomechanical performance during stabbing tests, transmitting forces more efficiently (strain energy) and reducing the risk of breakage (von Mises stress). These findings provide further evidence of bill-tip weaponry and support a role of agonistic interactions in the evolution of bill dimorphism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:29:02Z","timestamp":1761737342000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sharper, straighter, stiffer, stronger: sexually dimorphic bill shape enhances male stabbing performance in the green hermit hummingbird (\n                    <i>Phaethornis guy<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4195-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Garz\u00f3n-Agudelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Colibr\u00ed Gorriazul 1 , Fusagasug\u00e1, Cundinamarca 252217 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9852-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington 2 Department of Biology , , Seattle, WA 98195 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Washington 3 Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture , , Seattle, WA 98105 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Epperly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington 3 Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture , , Seattle, WA 98105 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-5312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rico-Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington 2 Department of Biology , , Seattle, WA 98195 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Washington 3 Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture , , Seattle, WA 98105 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111012012366600_JEB250769C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb187294","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.187294","article-title":"Making a point: shared mechanics underlying the diversity of biological puncture","volume":"221","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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