{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:20:46Z","timestamp":1783948846745,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N000142312002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N000142312002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine mammals possess specialized respiratory adaptations that enable efficient gas exchange and resilience to extreme pressures during diving, yet direct observation of lung mechanics under pressure has been logistically challenging. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) measures real time changes in thoracic impedance, and provides continuous, regional maps of pulmonary air distribution. We validated EIT for estimating tidal volume (VT) in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) both on land and in water. EIT reliably tracked VT in both genera, showing strong within trial consistency, with between trial variability attributable to belt placement, body position, and electrode contact. EIT also generated dynamic functional images of regional ventilation, revealing spatial and temporal patterns of lung filling and emptying. These results demonstrate that EIT is the first non-invasive imaging method validated for marine mammals in seawater, representing a critical step toward visualizing lung function during diving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.251412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:04:43Z","timestamp":1768824283000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using electrical impedance tomography to estimate tidal volume in bottlenose dolphins and cape fur seals in sea-water and on land"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8675-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Fahlman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"2 Fundacion Oceanografic, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"3 Global Diving Research SL, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9793-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. S.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Brookfield Zoo Chicago's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Dolphin Quest, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5165-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Dolphin Quest, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Jabois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Atlantis the Palm, Dubai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Atlantis the Palm, Dubai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Kolm\u00e5rden Wildlife Park, Kolm\u00e5rden, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Strom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Kolm\u00e5rden Wildlife Park, Kolm\u00e5rden, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mosing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8 Clinical Centre for Small Animal Health and Research, Clinical Department for Small Animals and Horses, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Harake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9 tnh Biosystems Inc, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2312-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10 Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.251412\/3681135\/jeb251412.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.251412\/3681135\/jeb251412.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:04:43Z","timestamp":1768824283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.251412\/370394\/Using-electrical-impedance-tomography-to-estimate"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.251412","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"article-number":"jeb.251412"}}