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Here, we assessed the utility of three machine-learning models \u2013 Resnet-50 (3 epochs), Resnet-50 (10 epochs) and Vision Transformer (ViT) (3 epochs) \u2013 for identifying breathing behavior from animal-borne camera footage from green turtles (Chelonia mydas). The ViT model had mean Accuracy (97.2%), Precision (63.3%) and F1 (72.7%) scores that outperformed the Resnet-50 models, while all models had a Recall of &amp;gt;99.9%. Thus, the ViT model correctly identified almost all breathing frames although false positives (apnea frames labeled as breathing) were relatively common and led to an over-estimation of breathing rates. We conclude that ViT models are a promising solution for behavioral classification of animal-borne camera footage and even if not yet capable of the fully automated calculation of breathing events in sea turtles, they can still massively reduce the quantity of footage that needs to be manually checked and labeled.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.251688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T07:11:36Z","timestamp":1779088296000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Classifying behaviors from animal-borne cameras using machine learning: automated identification of breathing events in sea turtles"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7384-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar, Spanish National Research Council - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas 1 , 08003 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera Island School 2 , Eleuthera ,","place":["Bahamas"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Oceanogr\u00e0fic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias 3 , 46013 Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyam","family":"Mazumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 4 , Champaign, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian F.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 4 , Champaign, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Aguzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar, Spanish National Research Council - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas 1 , 08003 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 4 , Champaign, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Yuan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 4 , Champaign, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, University of Valencia 5 , Apdo, 22085, 46071 Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, University of Valencia 5 , Apdo, 22085, 46071 Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Terstriep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 4 , Champaign, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiman","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 4 , Champaign, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061004460112800_JEB251688C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-025-04783-5","article-title":"Sea turtle breathing patterns and involved factors investigated through animal-borne camera and sensors","volume":"173","author":"Agabiti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mar. 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