{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:47:20Z","timestamp":1785847640136,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) grow to exceptional size by lunging to engulf entire swarms of fish or krill, then rapidly concentrating prey using a baleen filter. A 20-m-long fin whale can engulf 60\u2005m3 of water and 144\u2005kg of krill in a single gulp and expel the water in 31\u2005s, allowing the animal to make six lunges in a single 8\u00a0min dive. But there is a problem hidden in this apparently efficient scheme. Spread uniformly across the 2.9\u2005m2 of the baleen window, 144\u2005kg of krill forms a layer 6.3\u2005cm thick. If the accumulated krill clog the filter, it could increase the time needed to expel water, decreasing the rate at which lunges could be made, and negatively impacting foraging efficiency. We devised a model that incorporates measurements of the hydraulic resistance of accumulating krill and the pressure applied to water in the buccal pouch by contraction of muscles and elastic rebound of blubber in the pouch's walls. Given the stress typical of mammalian muscle, the model suggests that approximately 16\u2005min would be required to empty the buccal pouch of an average gulp of krill \u2013 twice the duration of typical foraging dives \u2013 severely reducing feeding efficiency. Filter time could be reduced to the observed 31\u2005s if a fraction of the baleen window is maintained clear of krill, but it is unclear how that might be achieved. Important questions remain as to how baleen whales feed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.251852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:02:09Z","timestamp":1783634529000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Constraints on lunge feeding: krill can clog the baleen of filter-feeding whales"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1962-0086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid A.","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department , , Pacific Grove, CA 93950 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3641-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Cade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department , , Pacific Grove, CA 93950 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Goldbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department , , Pacific Grove, CA 93950 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0277-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department , , Pacific Grove, CA 93950 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadw2232","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw2232","article-title":"Life in the slowest lane: feeding allometry lowers metabolic rate scaling in the largest whales","volume":"11","author":"Blawas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/35086666","article-title":"Caught in the crossflow","volume":"412","author":"Brainerd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13763","article-title":"Predator-scale spatial analysis of intra-patch prey distribution reveals the energetic drivers of rorqual whale super-group formation","volume":"35","author":"Cade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31676-8","article-title":"Hydrodynamics of the fast-start caridoid escape response in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba","volume":"13","author":"Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3354\/meps198131","article-title":"Mussels Mytilus edulis: significant consumers and destroyers of mesozooplankton","volume":"198","author":"Davenport","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat9533","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat9533","article-title":"Manta rays feed using ricochet separation, a novel nonclogging filtration mechanism","volume":"4","author":"Divi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.35.2.2009.226","article-title":"Morphology and development of blue whale baleen: an annotated translation of Tycho Tullberg's classic 1883 paper","volume":"35","author":"Fudge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07066","article-title":"Big gulps require high drag for fin whale lunge feeding","volume":"349","author":"Goldbogen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.023366","article-title":"Foraging behavior of humpback whales: kinematic and respiratory patterns suggest a high cost for a lunge","volume":"211","author":"Goldbogen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1680","article-title":"Skull and buccal cavity allometry increase mass-specific engulfment capacity in fin whales","volume":"277","author":"Goldbogen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.048157","article-title":"Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: efficiency dependence on krill density","volume":"214","author":"Goldbogen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-122414-033905","article-title":"How baleen whales feed: the biomechanics of engulfment and filtration","volume":"9","author":"Goldbogen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210741","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2021.0741","article-title":"Suspension feeders: diversity, principles of particle separation and biomimetic potential","volume":"19","author":"Hamann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20250221","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2025.0221","article-title":"The diversity of biological models for bio-inspired aerosol filters","volume":"22","author":"Hamann","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1139\/f00-195","article-title":"Behavior of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): schooling, foraging, and antipredatory behavior","volume":"57","author":"Hamner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20846","article-title":"Allometric scaling of morphology and engulfment capacity in rorqual whales","volume":"279","author":"Kahane-Rapport","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb224196","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.224196","article-title":"Lunge filter feeding biomechanics constrain rorqual foraging ecology across scale","volume":"223","author":"Kahane-Rapport","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Swimming behavior, swimming performance and energy balance of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba","volume":"3","author":"Kils","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biomass Sci. Ser."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"052401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.94.052401","article-title":"Filter-feeding, near-field flows, and the morphologies of colonial choanoflagellates","volume":"94","author":"Kirkegaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.07.017","article-title":"Sponges sneeze mucus to shed particulate waste from their seawater inlet pores","volume":"32","author":"Kornder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2410018121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2410018121","article-title":"Permeability\u2013selectivity trade-off for a universal leaky channel inspired by mobula filters","volume":"121","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9373","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708873114","article-title":"Hydrodynamics of microbial filter feeding","volume":"114","author":"Nielsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1139\/z87-440","article-title":"Engulfing mechanics of fin whales","volume":"65","author":"Orton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0492","article-title":"Passive versus active engulfment: verdict from trajectory simulations of lunge-feeding fin whales Balaenoptera physalus","volume":"6","author":"Potvin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C25","first-page":"418","article-title":"Filter feeding mechanisms of crustaceans","volume-title":"Lifestyles and Feeding Biology","author":"Riisg\u00e5rd","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160313","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160313","article-title":"Force per cross-sectional area from molecules to muscles: a general property of biological motors","volume":"3","author":"Rospars","year":"2016","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C27","first-page":"37","article-title":"Convergent and alternative designs for vertebrate suspension feeding","volume":"3","author":"Sanderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Skull"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/35086574","article-title":"Crossflow filtration in suspension-feeding fishes","volume":"412","author":"Sanderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11092","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11092","article-title":"Fish mouths as engineering structures for vortical cross-step filtration","volume":"7","author":"Sanderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.081752","article-title":"Novel muscle and connective tissue design enables high extensibility and controls engulfment volume in lunge-feeding rorqual whales","volume":"216","author":"Shadwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0798","article-title":"Threshold foraging behaviour of basking sharks on zooplankton: Life on an energetic knife-edge?","volume":"266","author":"Sims","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-004-1519-z","article-title":"Respiration rate and cost of swimming for Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, in large groups in the laboratory","volume":"146","author":"Swadling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0399","article-title":"Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen alpha-keratin","volume":"277","author":"Szewciw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01344277","article-title":"Barnacle suspension-feeding in variable flow","volume":"105","author":"Trager","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12301","article-title":"A global review of the ecosystem services provided by bivalve aquaculture","volume":"12","author":"van der Schatte Olivier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eade3889","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade3889","article-title":"Cheap gulp foraging of a giga-predator enables efficient exploitation of sparse prey","volume":"9","author":"Videsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C37","volume-title":"Prime Mover: A Natural History of Muscle","author":"Vogel","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C38","first-page":"189","article-title":"How do mysticetes remove prey trapped in baleen","volume":"156","author":"Werth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347497","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1347497","article-title":"Dynamic filtration in baleen whales: recent discoveries and emerging trends","volume":"11","author":"Werth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"2026080408064788200_JEB251852C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly121","article-title":"Filtration area scaling and evolution in mysticetes: Trophic niche partitioning and the curious cases of sei and pygmy right whales","volume":"125","author":"Werth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.251852\/3706290\/jeb251852.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.251852\/3706290\/jeb251852.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:06:53Z","timestamp":1785845213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/229\/13\/jeb251852\/372092\/Constraints-on-lunge-feeding-krill-can-clog-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.251852","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"article-number":"jeb251852"}}