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We tested whether a balanced omega-6:3 fatty acid pollen-substitute diet could increase the resilience of honey bees to the harms of pesticide exposure, focusing on measuring bee survival and olfactory learning. We raised bees on a diet either balanced in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids (1:1 ratio) or unbalanced (5:1) for 2\u00a0weeks before providing them with either 10\u2005nmol\u2005l\u22121 thiamethoxam (TMX) in 2.0\u2005mol\u2005l\u22121 sucrose solution or a control (pure 2.0\u2005mol\u2005l\u22121 sucrose solution). Using a proboscis extension response (PER) differential conditioning assay, we classically conditioned bees to two odors to assess learning and memory. Bees fed an unbalanced diet and TMX had significantly poorer learning and significantly poorer memory when tested 1\u2005h after the final learning trial. However, bees fed a balanced diet were resilient to the effects of TMX. Balanced\u2013TMX bees had higher survival than unbalanced\u2013TMX bees, suggesting that a balanced diet helped bees exposed to TMX. However, the survival data are complex and may suggest hormesis, in which a short, low dose of pesticide can increase insect survival. Overall, our results suggest that a diet that is balanced in the omega-6:3 fatty acid ratio can increase the resistance of honey bees to a commonly used neonicotinoid pesticide, providing a possible method for enhancing managed colony survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.252004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:57:28Z","timestamp":1782197848000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A balanced omega-6:3 fatty acid diet can shield honey bee cognition from pesticide impairment"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aria W.","family":"Loduca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego 1 , Department of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0116, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharoni","family":"Shafir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B. Triwaks Bee Research Center 2 , Department of Entomology , , Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment , , Rehovot 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences 2 , Department of Entomology , , Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment , , Rehovot 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2 , Department of Entomology , , Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment , , Rehovot 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-0726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.","family":"Nieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego 1 , Department of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0116, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071004490477700_JEB252004C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.11.017","article-title":"Back to the future: Apis versus non-Apis pollination\u2014a response to Ollerton et al","volume":"27","author":"Aebi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. 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