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We examined how high-altitude natives overcome this challenge through plastic and\/or evolved improvements in locomotory performance. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) native to high and low altitude were born and raised in captivity, then acclimated to warm normoxia or cold hypoxia as adults. Running endurance was then measured in both warm normoxia and cold hypoxia across groups. Among mice acclimated to warm normoxia, endurance was greater in highlanders compared with lowlanders. Acclimation to cold hypoxia increased endurance in lowlanders, partially approaching values in highlanders. Body temperature declined while running in cold hypoxia in lowlanders, but highlanders were better at avoiding such declines. Our data suggest that evolved changes in thermoregulatory ability and muscle phenotype combine to improve locomotory performance in cold hypoxia in high-altitude deer mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.252284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:07:19Z","timestamp":1773756439000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolved increases in running performance in cold hypoxia in high-altitude deer mice"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek A.","family":"Somo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University Department of Biology , , Hamilton, ON , , L8S 4L8","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia C.","family":"Marangozis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University Department of Biology , , Hamilton, ON , , L8S 4L8","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei Le L.","family":"Cumming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University Department of Biology , , Hamilton, ON , , L8S 4L8","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant B.","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University Department of Biology , , Hamilton, ON , , L8S 4L8","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham R.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University Department of Biology , , Hamilton, ON , , L8S 4L8","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040906284078200_JEB252284C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2307\/1379769","article-title":"Biochemical polymorphism and systematics in the genus Peromyscus VII. 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