{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:56:38Z","timestamp":1771642598200,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1974,4,1]],"date-time":"1974-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":134006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1974,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The electrical activity of the two types of longitudinal muscles of an osmoconforming polychaete worm, Mercierella enigmatica, have been studied in media of widely varying osmotic and ionic composition. Activity persists practically unaltered in both types of muscle cell. The possible effects of osmotically induced changes in cell volume on the ionic gradients across the cell membranes are considered. It is concluded that the normal gradients are unlikely to be maintained as a result of such changes. The involvement of ion pumps in the maintenance of the normal gradients across the muscle cell membranes has been studied using specific and metabolic poisons. It is evident that the persistence of electrical activity in media of altered ionic content does not depend on the sodium-potassium exchange pump. The ionic basis of the overshoot of action potentials recorded from cells of the small resting potential type has been studied. It is concluded that calcium ions but not sodium ions are responsible for the inward current although there is a component of the inward current carried by some other as yet unidentified ion. Alterations in the external concentrations of chloride ions are found to alter both the height of the overshoot and the length of the action potential. Profound alterations in the overshoot height are produced only when the normal ratio of calcium to chloride concentration in the external medium is altered. Possible mechanisms to explain these effects are discussed. It is suggested that the stability of the action potential in the muscle cells of M. enigmatica, despite large fluctuations in the salinity of the external medium, depends on the constancy of the ratios between the concentrations of the ions in the fluids bathing the cells and not on the absolute concentrations of the ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.60.2.351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T15:10:12Z","timestamp":1619363412000},"page":"351-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Water Balance of a Serpulid Polychaete,<i>Mercierella Enigmatica<\/i>(Fauvel)"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Helen Le B.","family":"Skaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Zoology , *"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1974,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.48.5.919","article-title":"Electrical and mechanical responses in deep abdominal extensor muscles of crayfish and lobster","volume":"48","author":"Abbott","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. gen. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1963.sp007089","article-title":"Effects of changes in the external sodium and calcium concentrations on spontaneous electrical activity in smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli","volume":"166","author":"B\u00fclbring","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C3","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Metabolic Aspects of Transport across Cell Membranes","author":"Conway","year":"1957"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C4","volume-title":"Textbook of General Physiology","author":"Davson","year":"1964","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp006034","article-title":"The ionic requirements for the production of action potentials in crustacean muscle fibres","volume":"142","author":"Fatt","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004884","article-title":"The electrical properties of crustacean muscle fibres","volume":"120","author":"Fatt","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5O5","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp006116","article-title":"Ion fluxes during the action potential in Chara","volume":"144","author":"Gaffey","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008657","article-title":"Sodium and calcium components of action potentials in the Aplysia giant neurone","volume":"199","author":"Geduldig","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.48.1.141","article-title":"The initiation of spike potential in barnacle muscle fibres under low intracellular Ca2+","volume":"48","author":"Hagiwara","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. gen. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.50.2.387","article-title":"Membrane properties of somatic muscle (obliquely striated muscle) of the earthworm","volume":"50","author":"Hidaka","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1951.tb01204.x","article-title":"The ionic basis of electrical activity in nerve and muscle","volume":"26","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1951","journal-title":"Biol. Rev"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006424","article-title":"The chloride conductance of frog skeletal muscle","volume":"151","author":"Hutter","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(71)90168-X","article-title":"The effect of sodium, calcium and magnesium on the amplitude of the action potential from giant neurones of Limnaea stagnalis","volume":"40 A","author":"Jerelova","year":"1971","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(67)90730-X","article-title":"The role of calcium ions in the action potentials of Helix aspersa neurones","volume":"20","author":"Kerkut","year":"1967","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.40.2.60","article-title":"The isolation and identification of the major anion fraction of the axoplasm of squid giant nerve fibers","volume":"40","author":"Koechlin","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sri., Wash"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(70)90080-0","article-title":"Calcium ions as inward current carriers in mollusc neurones","volume":"35","author":"Krishtal","year":"1970","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.45.5.861","article-title":"Ionic relations of Nitella translucens","volume":"45","author":"Macrobbie","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. gen. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007916","article-title":"The dual effect of calcium on the action potential of the frog\u2019s heart","volume":"184","author":"Niedergerke","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007917","article-title":"The dependence of the action potential of the frog\u2019s heart on the external and intracellular sodium concentration","volume":"184","author":"Niedergerke","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C20","article-title":"Cationic dependence of membrane potentials in the giant nerve cell bodies of Limnaea stagnalis (L.) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)","volume-title":"J. exp. Biol","author":"Sattelle","year":"1974"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C21","first-page":"346","article-title":"Herzglykoside als Hemmstoffe fur den aktiven Kalium und Natriumtransport durch die Erythrocytenmembran","volume":"11","author":"Schatzman","year":"1953","journal-title":"Helv. physiol, acta"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030450204","article-title":"Penetration of the desheathed toad sciatic nerve by ions and molecules. I. Steady state and equilibrium distributions","volume":"45","author":"Shanes","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. cell. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030450205","article-title":"Penetration of the desheathed toad sciatic nerve by ions and molecules. II. Kinetics","volume":"45","author":"Shanes","year":"1955","journal-title":"J, cell. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.32.2.383","article-title":"Ionic regulation in the muscle fibres of Carcinus maenas. I. The electrolyte composition of single fibres","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.32.4.664","article-title":"Ionic regulation in the muscle fibres of Carcinus maenas. II. The effect of reduced blood concentration","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.35.4.902","article-title":"Further studies on ionic regulation in the muscle fibres of Carcinus maenas","volume":"35","author":"Shaw","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.35.4.920","article-title":"Osmoregulation in the muscle fibres of Carcinus maenas","volume":"35","author":"Shaw","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.60.2.321","article-title":"The water balance of a serpulid polychaete, Mercierella enigmatica (Fauvel). I Osmotic concentration and volume regulation","volume":"60","author":"Skaer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.60.2.331","article-title":"The water balance of a serpulid polychaete, Mercierella enigmatica (Fauvel). II.Ion concentration","volume":"60","author":"Skaer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.60.2.339","article-title":"The water balance of a serpulid polychaete, Mercierella enigmatica (Fauvel). III. Accessibility of the extracellular compartment and related studies","volume":"60","author":"Skaer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030170106","article-title":"Chloride in the giant axons of the squid","volume":"17","author":"Steinbach","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. cell. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.50.4.1049","article-title":"Permeability changes associated with the action potential in procaine-treated crayfish abdominal muscle fibres","volume":"50","author":"Takeda","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. gen. Physiol"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C33","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Effects of potassium and sodium ions on the resting and action potentials of the giant axon of the cockroach","volume":"182","author":"Yamasaki","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature, Lond"},{"key":"2022122314392661100_JEXBIO_60_2_351C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.17.3.337","article-title":"Physiological effects of a hypotonic environment. I. The action of hypotonic salines on isolated rhythmic preparations from polychaete worms (Arenicola marina, Nereis diversicolor, Perinereis cultrifera)","volume":"17","author":"Wells","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/60\/2\/351\/2403177\/jexbio_60_2_351.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/60\/2\/351\/2403177\/jexbio_60_2_351.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T10:25:25Z","timestamp":1724927125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/60\/2\/351\/22019\/The-Water-Balance-of-a-Serpulid-Polychaete"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1974,4,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1974,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.60.2.351","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1974,4,1]]}}}