{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:40:15Z","timestamp":1777542015234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,4,1]],"date-time":"1982-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":386467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Insect toxin, mammal toxins I and II and crustacean toxin were obtained from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis. Their effects on the isolated giant axon of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were investigated by current-clamp and voltage-clamp techniques. \u2018 In current-clamp conditions, mammal toxins and crustacean toxin (1\u00b73\u201313 \u03bcM) induced a large prolongation of the falling phase of the evoked action potentials. Insect toxin (0\u00b713\u20133\u00b73 \u03bcM) induced a progressive slow depolarization of the membrane potential and repetitive firing of action potentials. No changes in the time-course of the action potential were induced by insect toxin. In voltage-clamp conditions, mammal and crustacean toxins induced a slowing of the turn-off of the transient inward sodium current, with either no change or a small increase in the peak sodium current. Insect toxin by contrast induced an increase in the peak sodium current and a slowing of the sodium current turn-off, this effect being greatest at lower values of the clamped membrane voltage. It is concluded that the repetitive activity induced by insect toxin results from a voltage-dependent modulation of sodium inactivation coupled with an increase in both the resting and active sodium permeabilities of the cockroach axonal membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.97.1.67","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T23:28:16Z","timestamp":1619393296000},"page":"67-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Actions of insect toxin and other toxins derived from the venom of the scorpion <i>Androctonus australis<\/i> on isolated giant axons of the cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Pelhate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.E.R. M\u00e9decine Laboratoire de Physiologie , , , France and Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 d\u2019 Angers Laboratoire de Physiologie , , , France and Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Zlotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.E.R. M\u00e9decine Laboratoire de Physiologie , , , France and Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 d\u2019 Angers Laboratoire de Physiologie , , , France and Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030511523487100_","first-page":"666","article-title":"The effect of scorpion venom on single myelinated nerve fibres of the frog","volume":"26","author":"Adam","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br. J. 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