{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:17:07Z","timestamp":1790889427716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,4,1]],"date-time":"1982-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":386467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Western Painted Turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii (N = 5), were maintained submerged and apneic for 90 days: days 0\u201321 in severely hypoxic water ( = 0\u20135 mmHg), days 22\u201343 aerated water ( \u223c 160 mmHg), and days 44\u201390 again in hypoxic water. From day 90 onward, the water was aerated and the turtles were allowed access to the air ; water and air temperatures were maintained at 3 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Arterial blood samples were taken periodically and analysed for , pH, [Na+], [K+], [Cl\u2212], [lactate\u2212], [glucose] and haematocrit. Plasma [HCO3\u2212] was calculated for all samples and total plasma calcium was measured on samples from two animals.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Each exposure to low water caused progressive lactic acidosis and a transient respiratory acidosis with an accompanying fall in plasma [Cl\u2212] and rise in plasma [K+] and [calcium]. During the intervening period in aerated water, blood pH recovered significantly (from 7\u00b733 to 7\u00b774 in 7 days), due primarily to a fall in , (from 233 to 10\u00b76 mmHg), while [lactate\u2212] remained unchanged (at about 50 mM), and [HCO3\u2212] rose slightly. Plasma [K+] promptly returned to nearly normal values.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>When permitted to breathe on day 90, the three surviving turtles rapidly restored pH to normal by pronounced hyperventilation ( &amp;lt; 5 mmHg). Metabolic acidosis, however, disappeared slowly with a for [lactate\u2212] and [HCO3\u2212] restoration of about 2 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We conclude that a wintering turtle can stabilize or even slightly improve its acid-base and ionic status by moving from an anoxic environment to well-oxygenated water. Further improvement can be gained by breathing air, but recovery proceeds at a very slow rate if the animal remains at 3 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.97.1.87","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1619393299000},"page":"87-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Long-term submergence at 3 degrees C of the turtle Chrysemys picta bellii in normoxic and severely hypoxic water. III. Effects of changes in ambient  and subsequent air breathing"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Gordon R.","family":"Ultsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald C.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030511515243300_","volume-title":"Turtles of the United States","author":"Ernst","year":"1972"},{"key":"2023030511515243300_","first-page":"131","article-title":"Central chemical control of ventilation in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta eleg ans","volume":"12","author":"Hitzig","year":"1978","journal-title":"Resp. 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