{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:31:21Z","timestamp":1767990681238,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]],"date-time":"1990-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":654739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have adapted a non-radioactive technique to detect localized mRNAs in whole-mount Xenopus embryos. Synthetic antisense RNA transcribed in the presence of digoxygenin-UTP is used as a probe and is detected via an anti-digoxygenin antibody. We show that localized mRNAs can be detected from late gastrula to tadpole stages and that high as well as low abundance RNAs can be detected. The method was tested on muscle actin and \u03b1-globin RNAs, whose localization has previously been characterized. In addition, we used the method to determine the distribution of XA-1 RNA, an anterior ectoderm-specific RNA, which we show is expressed in the periphery of the cement gland as well as in the region of the hatching gland. The sequence of an XA-1 cDNA predicts a protein rich in proline and histidine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.2.325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:43:06Z","timestamp":1619401386000},"page":"325-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":277,"title":["Localization of specific mRNAs in <i>Xenopus<\/i> embryos by whole-mount <i>in situ<\/i> hybridization"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Hemmati-Brivanlou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Bolce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bob D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel L.","family":"Sive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Genetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Harland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050312024161100_DEVELOP_110_2_325C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.101.1.93","article-title":"Posterior expression of a homeobox gene in early Xenopus embryos","volume":"101","author":"Condie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2023050312024161100_DEVELOP_110_2_325C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105.1.61","article-title":"A whole-mount immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of the intermediate filament protein vimentin in Xenopus","volume":"105","author":"Dent","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2023050312024161100_DEVELOP_110_2_325C3","first-page":"63a","article-title":"Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase to hatching gland cells of early Xenopus laevis embryos","volume":"109","author":"Drysdale","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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