{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:53:44Z","timestamp":1767844424549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,12,1]],"date-time":"1977-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":249782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Demembranated sea urchin spermatozoa were reactivated in solutions containing KHCO3 and observed in a covered well slide. Although KHCO3 itself causes a small inhibition of flagellar beat frequency, the results confirm previous observations of a direct inhibition of flagellar bend angle by CO2 with no effect of CO2 on frequency.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Observation of the effect of pH on the inhibition of bend angle in solutions containing KHCO3 indicates that a given concentration of OH\u2212 has a similar effect to the same concentration of HCO3\u2212, as would be expected if CO2-inhibition results from reaction of CO2 with protein-NH3+ groups to form carbamates.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CO2 may interfere with a control mechanism which selectively suppresses dynein cross-bridge activity in order to generate rhythmic bending. This control mechanism may incorporate a feedback control involving a measure of flagellar amplitude, which fails to operate successfully when the amplitude is reduced below a critical level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.71.1.229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T02:15:39Z","timestamp":1619230539000},"page":"229-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["CO2-Inhibition of the Amplitude of Bending of Triton-Demembranated Sea Urchin Sperm Flagella"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"C. J.","family":"Brokaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology Division of Biology , , Pasadena, California 91125"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023092801423379600_JEXBIO_71_1_229C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.53.2.445","article-title":"Bending moments in free-swimming flagella","volume":"53","author":"Brokaw","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2023092801423379600_JEXBIO_71_1_229C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.55.2.289","article-title":"Bend propagation by a sliding filament model for flagella","volume":"55","author":"Brokaw","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. exp. 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