{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:54:19Z","timestamp":1792979659690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last 15 years many railway accidents have happened in Britain and worldwide. Following these train accidents, there has been a large amount of public debate about safety management on the British railways. These accidents have raised issues regarding the effectiveness of the safety management of the railway system. This paper presents a summary of the results of a preliminary systemic analysis of several British rail accidents, i.e. those at Clapham Junction (1988), Paddington (1999), Hatfield (2000), Selby (2001), and Potters Bar (2002). It also includes the train accident at Eschede, Germany (1998). It is hoped that this systemic analysis will help to identify \u2018learning points\u2019, which are relevant for preventing accidents in the railway industry. The model is described in the context of the British railway industry. However, the model itself is general and not specific to any particular country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1243\/095440905x8745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,6]],"date-time":"2005-07-06T02:15:34Z","timestamp":1120616134000},"page":"47-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A systemic analysis of railway accidents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Santos-Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heriot-Watt University Civil Engineering Section Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A N","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heriot-Watt University Civil Engineering Section Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London Department of Mechanical Engineering UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-095440905X8745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286600302232"},{"key":"bibr2-095440905X8745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-7112(00)00059-X"},{"key":"bibr3-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Kuepper G. A new risk: The crash of bullet-trains -experiences from the German ICE accident on June 3 1998 Assoc. Scientists Prof. Engng Personnel., 1999."},{"key":"bibr4-095440905X8745","volume-title":"The Joint Inquiry into Train Protection Systems","author":"Cullen D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr5-095440905X8745","volume-title":"Investigation into the Clapham Junction Railway Accident","author":"Hidden A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr6-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Railway Safety, Derailment of passenger train 1F23 04 45 Newcastle to London, by a road vehicle and subsequent second collision with 6G34 05 00 Immingham to Ferrybridge at Great Heck on 28 February 2001. Formal Inquiry: Final Report. London, 2001."},{"key":"bibr7-095440905X8745","volume-title":"The Ladbroke Grove Rail Inquiry","author":"Cullen D."},{"key":"bibr8-095440905X8745","volume-title":"The Heart of Enterprise","author":"Beer S.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr9-095440905X8745","volume-title":"Learning from Failure -The Systems Approach","author":"Fortune J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr10-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, Train derailment at Potters Bar. Friday 10 May 2002. HSE Interim Report, 10 December 2002."},{"key":"bibr11-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, Train derailment at Potters Bar, 10 May 2002. Progress report by the HSE Investigation Board, 10 December 2002."},{"key":"bibr12-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, Train collision at Great Heck near Selby, 28 February 2001. Report, 10 December 2002; http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk."},{"key":"bibr13-095440905X8745","volume-title":"The Ladbroke Grove Rail Inquiry","author":"Cullen D."},{"key":"bibr14-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Danger Ahead. ICE high-speed train disaster. Special Report, Eschede, Germany, 10 December 2002; http:\/\/danger-ahead.railfan.net\/features\/eschede2.htm."},{"key":"bibr15-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, Hatfield derailment investigation. Interim Recommendations of the Investigation Board, 10 December 2002; http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk"},{"key":"bibr16-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, Train derailment at Hatfield, 17 October 2000. First HSE Interim Report, 10 December 2002; http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk."},{"key":"bibr17-095440905X8745","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, Train derailment at Hatfield, 17 October 2000. 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