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This poses a challenge as the automatic recognition of Morse code is dependent upon maintaining a stable typing rate. In this paper, a suitable adaptive automatic recognition method, combining the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm with a neural network, was applied to this problem. The method presented in this paper is divided into five modules: space recognition, tone recognition, learning process, adaptive processing and character recognition. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the proposed method elicited a better recognition rate in comparison with other methods in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1243\/0954411011535920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T19:24:52Z","timestamp":1033500292000},"page":"325-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The application of the neural network on Morse code recognition for users with physical impairments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"C-H","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences Department of Electronic Engineering Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C-H","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L-Y","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-Shou University Department of General Courses Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T-K","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-Shou University Department of Information Engineering Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954411011535920","volume-title":"The Trace Resourcebook\u2014Assistive Technology for Communication, Control, and Computer Access","author":"Bower R","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr2-0954411011535920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(96)01163-4"},{"key":"bibr3-0954411011535920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(97)00020-8"},{"issue":"51","key":"bibr4-0954411011535920","first-page":"45","volume":"2","author":"Levine S. P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"AAC Augmentative Alternative Commun."},{"key":"bibr5-0954411011535920","unstructured":"Christenson B., King T. Rhythmic mnemonic versus visual ionic: compared methods of learning Morse code characters for use in rehabilitation. Unpublished research, University of Wisconsin-Eau-Claire, 1996."},{"key":"bibr6-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Morse Code: Breaking the Barrier","author":"Finley D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr7-0954411011535920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030802269405700405"},{"key":"bibr8-0954411011535920","unstructured":"Caves K. Morse code on a computer\u2014really. In Proceedings of the First Morse 2000 World Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1997, Keynote presentation."},{"key":"bibr9-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Modern Morse code in Rehabilitation and Education","author":"King T. W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr10-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"Bishop C. M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr11-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation","author":"Haykin S. S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr12-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks","author":"Ripley B. D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr13-0954411011535920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.277276"},{"key":"bibr14-0954411011535920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.139270"},{"key":"bibr15-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Adaptive Signal Processing","author":"Widrow B.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr16-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Neural Network in Computer Intelligence","author":"Limin F.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr17-0954411011535920","volume-title":"Practical Nonparametric Statistics","author":"Conver W. J."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/0954411011535920","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/0954411011535920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:23:17Z","timestamp":1777602197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1243\/0954411011535920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1243\/0954411011535920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1243\/0954411011535920","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4119","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}}}