{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:50:26Z","timestamp":1792428626426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A wide range of continence products is available, and this paper focuses on products to prevent incontinence (such as urinals and commodes) and to contain or manage urinary incontinence (such as absorbent pads, penile sheaths and urethral catheters). Drawing on results from published clinical evaluations at the Continence Product Evaluation Network at UCL and at other centres, the strengths and limitations of the major categories of incontinence products currently on the market are reviewed. It is concluded that, although products for continence have improved considerably over the last 20 years, there is considerable scope for the designer and engineer to improve on current products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1243\/095441103322060686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T17:25:48Z","timestamp":1057080348000},"page":"233-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Review of current technologies for urinary incontinence: Strengths and limitations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Fader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Department of Medicine Clerkenwell Building, Achway Campus, Highgate Hill, London N19 5LW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-095441103322060686","first-page":"272","volume":"29","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians"},{"key":"bibr2-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7012.1063"},{"key":"bibr3-095441103322060686","unstructured":"Roe B., Wilson W., Doll H., Brooks P. An evaluation of health interventions by primary health care teams and continence advisory services on patient outcomes related to incontinence. Health Services Research Unit, Oxford, 1996."},{"key":"bibr4-095441103322060686","unstructured":"Making the case for investment in an integrated continence service. Continence Foundation, London, 2000."},{"key":"bibr5-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Disability Equipment Assessment Report A5, Medical Devices Agency (UK)","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr6-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1996.5.8.485"},{"key":"bibr7-095441103322060686","first-page":"373","volume":"37","author":"Malassigne P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Rehabilitation Res. and Dev."},{"key":"bibr8-095441103322060686","first-page":"105","volume":"11","author":"Nelson A. L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Nurs."},{"key":"bibr9-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1258"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr10-095441103322060686","first-page":"95","volume":"11","author":"Nazarko L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prof. Nurs."},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr11-095441103322060686","first-page":"14","volume":"12","author":"Macintosh J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Community Nurs."},{"key":"bibr12-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Disposable, shaped bodyworn pads with pants for heavy incontinence: An evaluation","author":"Fader M. J."},{"key":"bibr13-095441103322060686","unstructured":"Directory of continence products. Continence Foundation, London, 2001."},{"key":"bibr14-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.2002.00559.x"},{"key":"bibr15-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1994.20010140.x"},{"key":"bibr16-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1997.00208.x"},{"key":"bibr17-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90262-6"},{"key":"bibr18-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1997.30321.x"},{"key":"bibr19-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Catheter valves: A multi-centre comparative evaluation","author":"Fader M. J."},{"key":"bibr20-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1981.40"},{"key":"bibr21-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Penile sheaths: A comparative evaluation","author":"Thelwell S."},{"key":"bibr22-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Self-adhesive sheaths. An evaluation","author":"Pettersson L."},{"key":"bibr23-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Sterile 500 ml leg bags for urine drainage","author":"Fader M. J."},{"key":"bibr24-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Reusable female urinals: An evaluation","author":"Fader M. J."},{"key":"bibr25-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Hydrophilic coated catheters for intermittent self-: An evaluation","author":"Fader M. J."},{"key":"bibr26-095441103322060686","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Agency for Health Care Policy and Research","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr27-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65954-X"},{"key":"bibr28-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.94310.x"},{"key":"bibr29-095441103322060686","first-page":"932","volume":"93","author":"Brubaker L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynec."},{"key":"bibr30-095441103322060686","first-page":"286","volume":"92","author":"Versi E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynec."},{"key":"bibr31-095441103322060686","first-page":"417","volume":"95","author":"Tincello D. G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynec."},{"key":"bibr32-095441103322060686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004016"},{"key":"bibr33-095441103322060686","volume-title":"All-in-one disposable bodyworn pads for heavy incontinence: An evaluation","author":"Pettersson L."},{"key":"bibr34-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Reusable pants with integral pad for light incontinence: An evaluation","author":"Pettersson L."},{"key":"bibr35-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Reusable review\u2014a guide to washable absorbent incontinence products","author":"Clark-O'Neill S."},{"key":"bibr36-095441103322060686","unstructured":"Pettersson L., Fader M. J., Brooks R. D., Cottenden A. M. Disposable pads for women with light incontinence: An evaluation. Disability Equipment Assessment Report IN.9, Medical Devices Agency (UK), 2002, in press."},{"key":"bibr37-095441103322060686","volume-title":"Non-sterile 500\u2013700 ml leg bags for urine drainage","author":"Fader M. J."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/095441103322060686","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/095441103322060686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:24:29Z","timestamp":1777602269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1243\/095441103322060686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1243\/095441103322060686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1243\/095441103322060686","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4119","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]}}}