{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:00:06Z","timestamp":1777881606981,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]],"date-time":"2009-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-stage single-point incremental forming (SPIF) is a state-of-the-art manufacturing process that allows small-quantity production of complex sheet metal parts with vertical walls. This paper is focused on the application of multi-stage SPIF with the objective of producing cylindrical cups with vertical walls. The strategy consists of forming a conical cup with a taper angle in the first stage, followed by three subsequent stages that progressively move the conical shape towards the desired cylindrical geometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The investigation includes material characterization, determination of forming-limit curves and fracture forming-limit curves (FFLCs), numerical simulation, and experimentation, namely the evaluation of strain paths and fracture strains in actual multi-stage parts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Assessment of numerical simulation with experimentation shows good agreement between computed and measured strain and strain paths. The results also reveal that the sequence of multi-stage forming has a large effect on the location of strain points in the principal strain space. Strain paths are linear in the first stage and highly non-linear in the subsequent forming stages. The overall results show that the experimentally determined FFLCs can successfully be employed to establish the forming limits of multi-stage SPIF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1243\/03093247jsa574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T21:43:48Z","timestamp":1256852628000},"page":"33-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Strategies and limits in multi-stage single-point incremental forming"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Skjoedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"given":"M B","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P A F","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03093247JSA574","first-page":"623","volume":"54","author":"Jeswiet J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"CIRP Ann. Mfg Technol."},{"key":"bibr2-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.344.519"},{"key":"bibr3-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/03093247JSA340"},{"key":"bibr4-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/03093247JSA522"},{"key":"bibr5-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2464\/jilm.46.65"},{"key":"bibr6-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2464\/jilm.47.440"},{"key":"bibr7-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7403(99)00047-8"},{"key":"bibr8-03093247JSA574","first-page":"1571","volume":"217","author":"Young D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Engng Mf."},{"key":"bibr9-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-8506(07)60679-9"},{"key":"bibr10-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bambach M., Hirt G., Ames J. Modelling of optimization strategies in the incremental CNC sheet metal forming process. In Materials processing and design: modeling, simulation and applications, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on\n                      Numerical methods in industrial forming processes\n                      (\n                      Numiform 2004\n                      ), AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 712, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 13\u201317 June 2004","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1766822"},{"key":"bibr11-03093247JSA574","unstructured":"Skjoedt M., Bay N., Endelt B., Ingarao G. Multi stage strategies for single point incremental forming of a cup. In Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Material forming (\n                      ESAFORM 2008\n                      ), Lyon, France, 23\u201325 April 2008, paper 177"},{"key":"bibr12-03093247JSA574","unstructured":"Verbert J., Belkassem B., Henrard C., Habraken A. M., Gu J., Sol H., Lauwers B., Duflou J. R. Multi-step toolpath approach to overcome forming limitations in single point incremental forming. In Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Material forming (\n                      ESAFORM 2008\n                      ), Lyon, France, 23\u201325 April 2008, paper 587"},{"key":"bibr13-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2008.03.030"},{"key":"bibr14-03093247JSA574","volume-title":"NP EN 10002\u20131 Metallic materials: tensile testing. Part 1: method of test (at room temperature)","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr15-03093247JSA574","volume-title":"Mise en forme des m\u00e9taux et alliages","author":"Rossard C.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr16-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004651920","volume-title":"Fracture research in retrospect","author":"Atkins A. G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr17-03093247JSA574","unstructured":"Skjoedt M., Silva M. B., Martins P. A. F., Bay N. Strain paths and fracture in multi stage single point incremental forming. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on The technology of plasticity (ICTP 2008), Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 7\u201311 September 2008 pp. 239\u2013244 (Korean Society for Technology of Plasti-city)."},{"key":"bibr18-03093247JSA574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.344.583"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/03093247JSA574","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/03093247JSA574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:47:47Z","timestamp":1777596467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1243\/03093247JSA574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1243\/03093247JSA574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1243\/03093247jsa574","relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-3247","2041-3130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-3247","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3130","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]}}}