{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:30:24Z","timestamp":1777883424316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the work presented in this article was to study the airflow in a vehicle cabin with the typical dimensions and geometry of a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) with a view to evaluating the thermal comfort through the equivalent temperature index. Tests were carried out on a life-size laboratory model of a car cabin, constructed with a simplified geometry, for different conditions: with and without the presence of a thermal mannequin, with different values of air velocity and temperature and with different regulation of the air inlets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The values of equivalent temperature were determined for each one of the various parts of the body, by two distinct forms: from the measurements performed by the thermal mannequin and from the physical parameters of the airflow, i.e. air velocity and temperature. The mapping of these flow parameters inside the cabin was done through a scanning process carried out with a traversing mechanism with eight low-velocity thermal anemometer probes, controlled from the exterior of the car cabin. Thus, using the values measured in plans in the neighbourhood of the different parts of the thermal mannequin, the equivalent temperature profiles were computed during tests carried out without the presence of the thermal mannequin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1243\/095440704772913936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]],"date-time":"2004-02-25T17:45:05Z","timestamp":1077731105000},"page":"159-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Evaluation of thermal comfort in a vehicle cabin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"N A G","family":"Martinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica da Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de Leiria Portugal"}]},{"given":"M C G","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Coimbra\u2014Polo II Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J A E","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica da Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de Leiria Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-095440704772913936","unstructured":"ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Thermal Comfort, 2001, pp. 8\u201313 (ASHRAE, Atlanta, Georgia)."},{"key":"bibr2-095440704772913936","volume-title":"Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering","author":"Fanger P O","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr3-095440704772913936","volume-title":"ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments: Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specifications of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr4-095440704772913936","volume-title":"Equivalent temperature in vehicles\u2014conclusions and recommendations for standard. In 6th International Conference, Florence, Italy, EQUIV","author":"Holm\u00e9r L","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr5-095440704772913936","volume-title":"SAE J2234 Equivalent temperature, Surface Vehicle Information Report","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr6-095440704772913936","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"Madsen T L","year":"1976","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans."},{"key":"bibr7-095440704772913936","first-page":"591","volume-title":"Indoor Climate","author":"Madsen T L","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr8-095440704772913936","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyon D P, Tennstedt C, Lundgren I, Larsson S A new method for the detailed assessment of human heat balance in vehicles\u2014Volvo's thermal manikin, Voltman. SAE paper 850042, 1985.","DOI":"10.4271\/850042"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr9-095440704772913936","first-page":"38","volume":"92","author":"Madsen T L","year":"1986","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans."},{"key":"bibr10-095440704772913936","unstructured":"Olesen B W How to measure mean radiant, operative and equivalent temperature correctly. In Proceedings of 12th Symposium on Man-Thermal Environment System, Tokyo, Japan, 1988."},{"key":"bibr11-095440704772913936","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyon D P, Larsson S, Forsgren B, Lundgren I Standard procedures for assessing vehicle climate with a thermal manikin. SAE paper 890049, 1989; reprinted from P-220, Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference Proceedings, Rovaniemi, Finland, 9\u201311 January 1989.","DOI":"10.4271\/890049"},{"key":"bibr12-095440704772913936","volume-title":"Comparison of methods to determine the equivalent temperature in a cab in a climatic chamber","author":"Bohm M","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr13-095440704772913936","volume-title":"SAE J2234 Equivalent Temperature, Surface Vehicle Information Report","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr14-095440704772913936","first-page":"1077","volume":"90","author":"Madsen T L","year":"1984","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans."},{"key":"bibr15-095440704772913936","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050035"},{"key":"bibr16-095440704772913936","unstructured":"Coelho J. A.L.D.P. Coeficientes de Transferencia de Calor no Corpo Humano Determinados com um Manequim T\u00e9rmico. Master thesis, Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 2001."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-095440704772913936","first-page":"247","volume":"77","author":"Gagge A P","year":"1971","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans."},{"key":"bibr18-095440704772913936","unstructured":"Kohri I, Kataoka T, Fusada Y Evaluation method of thermal comfort in a vehicle by SET using thermal manikin and theoretical thermoregulation model in man. In IMechE Conference, 1995, paper C496\/022."},{"key":"bibr19-095440704772913936","unstructured":"Dufton A F The equivalent temperature of a room and its measurement. Building Research Technical Paper 13, London, 1932."},{"key":"bibr20-095440704772913936","unstructured":"Madsen T L Descriptions of a new second generation thermal manikin. Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 1992."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/095440704772913936","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1243\/095440704772913936","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:45:23Z","timestamp":1777599923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1243\/095440704772913936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1243\/095440704772913936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1243\/095440704772913936","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4070","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-2991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}}}