{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:59:21Z","timestamp":1777881561413,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Automatic positioning devices are used worldwide in tasks such as handling or assembly, making them key components of modern manufacturing systems. Pneumatic solutions are usually less expensive than their electrical counterparts, are more reliable, and require less maintenance. However, the complex non-linear nature and high model order of pneumatic systems lead to a very difficult control task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These problems make model order reductions and simplifications a common practice in servopneumatics. The heat transfer between air inside the cylinder and its environment is usually neglected or only indirectly accounted for, since it varies with the pressure, temperature, and speed of the actuator, which makes its experimental assessment difficult. In this work a simple and yet accurate procedure is presented on the basis of a thermal time constant, enabling its evaluation. The procedure is validated by simulation studies, and furthermore the heat conductance of three industrial actuators is experimentally determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1243\/09596518jsce188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T14:49:13Z","timestamp":1171550953000},"page":"119-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Heat transfer evaluation of industrial pneumatic cylinders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"J. F.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F Gomes","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, IDMEC, P\u00f3lo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/87.317984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2002.805624"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"2824","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and automation","author":"Ning S.","unstructured":"Ning S., Bone G. M. High steady-state accuracy pneumatic servo positioning system with PVA\/PV control and friction compensation In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and automation, Washington, DC, USA, 2002, pp. 2824\u20132829 (IEEE, New York)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1286625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Neural networks for modelling and control of dynamic systems","author":"Norgaard M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Norgaard M., Ravn O., Poulsen N. K., Hansen L. K. Neural networks for modelling and control of dynamic systems, 2003 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"1582","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Advanced robotics","author":"Ye N.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ye N., Betemps M., Scavarda S., Jutard A. A servocontrolled pneumatic actuator for small movement-application to an adaptive gripper In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Advanced robotics, 1991, pp. 1582\u20131585 (IEEE-ICAR, Pisa, Italy)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3516.622972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Control of fluid power: analysis and design. Engineering science","author":"McCloy D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCloy D., Martin H. R. Control of fluid power: analysis and design. Engineering science, 1980 (Ellis Horwood, Chichester, West Sussex)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3140698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1286336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"Brun X. Commandes lin\u00e9aires et non lin\u00e9aires en \u00e9lectropneumatique. 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