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The aim of this study was to analyze trends in surgical treatment patterns in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed data from the nationwide German hospital billing database and the German cancer registry from 2006 to 2016. All penile cancer cases with penile surgery or lymph node dissection (LND) were included. We also analyzed the distribution of cases, extent of surgery, and length of hospital stay, stratified for annual caseload. The geographical distribution of centers for 2016 was presented.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During the investigated timespan, tumor incidences increased from 748 to 971 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). We identified 11,353 penile surgery cases, increasing from 886 to 1196 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and 5173 cases of LND, increasing from 332 to 590 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Cases of partial amputation increased from 45.8 to 53.8% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), while total amputation remained stable at 11.2%. Caseload in high-volume hospitals increased from 9.0 to 18.8% for penile surgery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and from 0 to 13.1% for LND (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The increase in LND caseload was caused by an increase in inguinal LND, from 297 to 505 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with increasing sentinel LND, from 14.2 to 21.9% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.098). The assessment of geographical distribution of cases in Germany revealed extensive areas without sufficient coverage by experienced centers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We saw consistent increases in penile surgery and LND, with a growing number of cases in high-volume hospitals, and, accordingly, an increase in tumor incidence. The increasing use of inguinal LND and organ-preserving surgery reflect the adaptation of current guidelines; however, geographical distribution of experienced centers could be improved.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10189-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T20:02:28Z","timestamp":1623528148000},"page":"9190-9198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development of Incidence and Surgical Treatment of Penile Cancer in Germany from 2006 to 2016: Potential Implications for Future Management"],"prefix":"10.1245","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Christer","family":"Groeben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Kraywinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Buttmann-Schweiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Baunacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Borkowetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10189_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2015.03.010","volume":"39","author":"M Christodoulidou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christodoulidou M, Sahdev V, Houssein S, Muneer A. 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Christer Groeben reports personal fees from Janssen outside the submitted work. Rainer Koch, Klaus Kraywinkel, Nina Buttmann-Schweiger, Martin Baunacke, Angelika Borkowetz, and Christian Thomas declare they have no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest version. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Analyzed data were completely anonymized and derived from established databases with rigorous data protection measures; hence, informed consent was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Statement"}}]}}