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Patients received adjuvant therapy with four cycles of S-1 (80\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/day) administered orally for 4 weeks of 6-week cycles. The primary endpoint was 3\u00a0year relapse-free survival (RFS). If the lower confidence limit for 3\u00a0year RFS was &gt;50%, we judged that the primary endpoint of this study was met.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 52 patients were enrolled between January 2016 and January 2019. Two patients were excluded from analysis; five patients were determined to have R1 or R2 resection, and seven patients did not receive adjuvant S-1. The 3-year RFS and overall survival rates in the intention-to-treat population were 72.3% (90% confidence interval [CI] 59.9\u201381.5) and 85.0% (90% CI 73.9\u201391.6), indicating that the primary endpoint was met. Grade \u22653 adverse events with an incidence \u226510% included neutropenia (13.2%), anorexia (13.2%), and diarrhea (10.5%). There were no treatment-related deaths.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adjuvant S-1 after NAC-S showed promising efficacy with a manageable safety profile for patients with resectable ESCC and warrants further evaluation in larger studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-16325-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T18:02:02Z","timestamp":1728324122000},"page":"302-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phase II Trial of Adjuvant S-1 Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The PIECE Trial"],"prefix":"10.1245","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoo","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisho","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Hato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eishi","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisahiro","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Mukaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Tsubosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Oze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"16325_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. 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Hisahiro Matsubara, Yuko Kitagawa, and Manabu Muto have received research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical. Motoo Nomura has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, MDS, Ono Pharmaceutical. Eishi Baba has received lectures fees from AstraZeneca, BMS, Chugai, Takeda, Gardant Health Japan, Ono, Astellas, Softbank, Daiichi-Sankyo, MSD, Yakult, Eli Lilly, Merk biopharm, Taiho, Tsumura, and Amgen","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}},{"value":"All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent, or a substitute, was obtained from all patients before inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human Rights Statement and Informed Consent"}}]}}