{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:31:00Z","timestamp":1773869460169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015689","name":"GIST Cancer Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016229","name":"Basic Research Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA102613-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA102613-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016229","name":"Basic Research Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA251063-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA251063-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Betsy Levine-Brown and Marc Brown"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Surg Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma with over 5000 new patients diagnosed in the USA each year. The tumor originates from the interstitial cells of Cajal and forms an intramural lesion most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. The gut microbiome has been linked to other gastrointestinal cancers and a recent paper purported that GISTs contain substantial intratumoral bacteria. The purpose of this study is to further evaluate the presence of bacteria in GISTs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We collected 25 tumor samples of varying size and location from 24 patients under sterile conditions in the operating room immediately following surgical resection. 16S quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing were performed to evaluate the bacterial species present in each tumor. Retrospective chart review was performed to determine tumor characteristics, including tumor size, location, imatinib exposure, and mucosal involvement.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In 23 of the 25 tumor samples, there were fewer than 100 copy numbers of 16S rRNA per uL, indicating an absence of a significant bacterial load. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the remaining two samples, one gastric tumor and one duodenal tumor, revealed the presence of normal intestinal bacteria. These two tumors, along with three others, had disruption of the mucosal lining.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>GISTs generally lack substantial bacteria, except in some cases when the tumor disrupts the mucosa.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-16526-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T19:39:24Z","timestamp":1732304364000},"page":"1504-1510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intratumoral Bacteria are Uncommon in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor"],"prefix":"10.1245","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Tardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjee V.","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Tieniber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina K.","family":"Mangold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan E.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald P.","family":"DeMatteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"16526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/edbk_351231","volume":"42","author":"IM Schaefer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schaefer IM, DeMatteo RP, Serrano C. The GIST of advances in treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2022;42:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/edbk_351231.","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"16526_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc4552","volume":"371","author":"GD Sepich-Poore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sepich-Poore GD, Zitvogel L, Straussman R, Hasty J, Wargo JA, Knight R. The microbiome and human cancer. Science. 2021;371:6536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abc4552.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"16526_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240084","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2023.2240084","volume":"24","author":"S Kandalai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kandalai S, Li H, Zhang N, Peng H, Zheng Q. The human microbiome and cancer: a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective. 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