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December 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.-Y.Z. is the Founder of Captis Diagnostics. The patent for the extracellular vesicle isolation was filed by The Pennsylvania State University and is patent-pending. Anwaar Saeed reports consulting or advisory board role with AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Exelixis, Pfizer, Xilio therapeutics, Taiho, Amgen, Autem Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Arcus Therapeutics, Regeneron, Replimune, and Daiichi Sankyo and institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Clovis, Exelixis, Actuate Therapeutics, Incyte Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Five Prime Therapeutics, Amgen, Innovent Biologics, Dragonfly Therapeutics, Oxford Biotherapeutics, Replimune, Phanes Therapeutics, Arcus Therapeutics, Regeneron, and KAHR Medical. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by the other authors. This work was partially supported by grant no. NIH\/NCI R01CA230339 awarded to S.-Y.Z., by grant no. NIH\/NCI R43CA228847-01A1 awarded to H.-Z.H., and by the Western Pennsylvania Chapter of the National Pancreas Foundation research grant awarded to I.N. and A.P.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}},{"value":"This is an IRB-approved protocol (STUDY20020051) developed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and Carnegie Mellon University utilizing samples from biorepository study (STUDY19060127).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}