{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:42:11Z","timestamp":1792208531467,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Surg Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgery is the cornerstone for locally contained lung cancer; however, intraoperative challenges include accurate lesion localization and assessment of surgical margins. Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) using near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery is a real-time tumor-targeted optical imaging technique. A multicenter phase II clinical trial evaluated abenacianine (VGT-309), a cathepsin-targeted near-infrared (NIR) IMI agent for visualization of pulmonary nodules and margins during surgery. The primary objective was to assess the efficacy of abenacianine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At six sites, patients scheduled to undergo surgery for known or suspected cancer in the lung received intravenous abenacianine 0.32 mg\/kg 12\u201336 h before surgery. Efficacy was measured by the proportion of clinically significant events, defined as localization of lesions not found by standard surgical techniques, identification of additional cancers, identification of inadequate surgical margins confirmed by histology, and detection of cancerous lymph nodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 89 patients who received abenacianine and surgical resection, 40 (45%) had at least one clinically significant event. Abenacianine with NIR imaging identified lesions not found by standard methods in 33 (37%) patients, synchronous and occult cancers not found by preoperative imaging in three (3%) patients, margins within 10 mm of the closest staple line in eight (9%) patients, and cancerous lymph nodes in one (1%) patient. Abenacianine was safe and well-tolerated in this study; there were no drug-related serious adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IMI with abenacianine during standard-of-care lung cancer surgery improved intraoperative localization, identification of occult lesions, margin assessment, and lymph node detection, enabling a more complete oncologic resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-026-19951-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:31:01Z","timestamp":1785018661000},"page":"10283-10291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phase II Multicenter Clinical Trial of Intraoperative Molecular Imaging with Abenacianine During Lung Cancer Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1245","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janani S.","family":"Reisenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"19951_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-022-01768-4","volume":"25","author":"S Van Keulen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Keulen S, Hom M, White H, et al. The evolution of fluorescence-guided surgery. Mol Imaging Biol. 2023;25(1):36\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11307-022-01768-4.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol."},{"key":"19951_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.06.030","volume":"80","author":"AG Little","year":"2005","unstructured":"Little AG, Rusch VW, Bonner JA, et al. Patterns of surgical care of lung cancer patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:2051\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.06.030.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"19951_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.10.018","volume":"103","author":"RU Osarogiagbon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osarogiagbon RU, Ray MA, Faris NR, et al. Prognostic value of national comprehensive cancer network lung cancer resection quality criteria. 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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;32(1):29\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.03.019.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"19951_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.08.048","volume":"99","author":"JG Hancock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hancock JG, Rosen JE, Antonicelli A, et al. Impact of adjuvant treatment for microscopic residual disease after non\u2013small cell lung cancer surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99(2):406\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.08.048.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"19951_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EVIDoa2100016","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2100016","volume":"1","author":"E Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim E, Batchelor TJP, Dunning J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic or open lobectomy in early-stage lung cancer. NEJM Evid. 2022;1(3):EVIDoa2100016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/EVIDoa2100016.","journal-title":"NEJM Evid."},{"issue":"17","key":"19951_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1215","volume":"28","author":"GT Kennedy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kennedy GT, Holt DE, Azari FS, et al. A cathepsin-targeted quenched activity-based probe facilitates enhanced detection of human tumors during resection. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(17):3729\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1215.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"19951_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ezaf314","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaf314","volume":"67","author":"GM Wright","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wright GM, Egan AJM, Mack JM, et al. Phase 2 dose-ranging trial of VGT-309 for molecular imaging of cancer during pulmonary resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025;67(10):ezaf314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaf314.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"19951_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2024.05.019","volume":"119","author":"P Bou-Samra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bou-Samra P, Kennedy GT, Chang A, Guo E, Azari FS, Din A, Santini JT Jr, Bensen ES, Singhal S. Phase 2 clinical trial of VGT-309 for intraoperative molecular imaging during pulmonary resection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2025;119(5):625\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2024.05.019.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"19951_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50251-4","volume":"13","author":"R Villani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Villani R, Loizzi D, Sacco AF, et al. Prevalence and clinical relevance of liver dysfunction after thoracic surgery: a retrospective study. 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J Biomed Opt. 2023;28(5):050901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.28.5.050901.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt."},{"issue":"1","key":"19951_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-020-00688-0","volume":"10","author":"FV Suurs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suurs FV, Qiu SQ, Yim JJ, et al. Fluorescent image-guided surgery in breast cancer by intravenous application of a quenched fluorescence activity-based probe for cysteine cathepsins in a syngeneic mouse model. EJNMMI Res. 2020;10(1):111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13550-020-00688-0.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."}],"container-title":["Annals of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1245\/s10434-026-19951-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1245\/s10434-026-19951-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1245\/s10434-026-19951-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:23:20Z","timestamp":1792207400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1245\/s10434-026-19951-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["19951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-026-19951-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1068-9265","1534-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1068-9265","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Gavin M Wright reports a relationship with Vergent Bioscience that includes travel reimbursement.\u00a0The other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosure","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}