{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:29:33Z","timestamp":1790105373409,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biol. Pharm. Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]],"date-time":"2015-01-31T17:05:59Z","timestamp":1422723959000},"page":"239-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevention of Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Rat Model by Ginsenoside Rb1 &lt;i&gt;via&lt;\/i&gt; Down-Regulation of Inflammation along the NMDA Receptor Pathway in the Hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1248","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Wei-Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong-Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Le","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to TongJi University"},{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"163","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1) Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. <i>Biochem. Pharmacol.<\/i>, <b>58<\/b>, 1685\u20131693 (1999)."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Li QY, Chen L, Fu WH, Li ZD, Wang B, Shi XJ, Zhong MK. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. <i>J. Agric. Food Chem.<\/i>, <b>59<\/b>, 6312\u20136318 (2011).","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200424k"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Shen L, Xiong Y, Wang DQ, Howles P, Basford JE, Wang J, Xiong YQ, Hui DY, Woods SC, Liu M. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats. <i>J. Lipid Res.<\/i>, <b>54<\/b>, 1430\u20131438 (2013).","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M035907"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Tan S, Zhou F, Li N, Dong Q, Zhang X, Ye X, Guo J, Chen B, Yu Z. Anti-fatigue effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on postoperative fatigue syndrome induced by major small intestinal resection in rat. <i>Biol. Pharm. Bull.<\/i>, <b>36<\/b>, 1634\u20131639 (2013).","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b13-00522"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Zargar-Shoshtari K, Hill AG. Postoperative fatigue: a review. <i>World J. Surg.<\/i>, <b>33<\/b>, 738\u2013745 (2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9906-0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Kehlet H, Dahl JB. Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery. <i>Lancet<\/i>, <b>362<\/b>, 1921\u20131928 (2003).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14966-5"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Rubin GJ, Hotopf M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for postoperative fatigue. <i>Br. J. Surg.<\/i>, <b>89<\/b>, 971\u2013984 (2002).","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02138.x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) DeCherney AH, Bachmann G, Isaacson K, Gall S. Postoperative fatigue negatively impacts the daily lives of patients recovering from hysterectomy. <i>Obstet. Gynecol.<\/i>, <b>99<\/b>, 51\u201357 (2002).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01622-2"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Olney JW, Farber NB. Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia. <i>Arch. Gen. Psychiatry<\/i>, <b>52<\/b>, 998\u20131007 (1995).","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240016004"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Li SX, Fujita Y, Zhang JC, Ren Q, Ishima T, Wu J, Hashimoto K. Role of the NMDA receptor in cognitive deficits, anxiety and depressive-like behavior in juvenile and adult mice after neonatal dexamethasone exposure. <i>Neurobiol. Dis.<\/i>, <b>62<\/b>, 124\u2013134 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.09.004"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Ahmed I, Bose SK, Pavese N, Ramlackhansingh A, Turkheimer F, Hotton G, Hammers A, Brooks DJ. Glutamate NMDA receptor dysregulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with dyskinesias. <i>Brain<\/i>, <b>134<\/b>, 979\u2013986 (2011).","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr028"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Milnerwood AJ, Gladding CM, Pouladi MA, Kaufman AM, Hines RM, Boyd JD, Ko RW, Vasuta OC, Graham RK, Hayden MR, Murphy TH, Raymond LA. Early increase in extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling and expression contributes to phenotype onset in Huntington\u2019s disease mice. <i>Neuron<\/i>, <b>65<\/b>, 178\u2013190 (2010).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.01.008"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Salter MW, Pitcher GM. Dysregulated Src upregulation of NMDA receptor activity: a common link in chronic pain and schizophrenia. <i>FEBS J.<\/i>, <b>279<\/b>, 2\u201311 (2012).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2011.08390.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Cull-Candy S, Brickley S, Farrant M. NMDA receptor subunits: diversity, development and disease. <i>Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.<\/i>, <b>11<\/b>, 327\u2013335 (2001).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00215-4"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Stone TW, Addae JI. The pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotection. <i>Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, <b>447<\/b>, 285\u2013296 (2002).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01851-4"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) McEntee WJ, Crook TH. Glutamate: its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain. <i>Psychopharmacology<\/i>, <b>111<\/b>, 391\u2013401 (1993).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253527"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Myint AM, Kim YK. Cytokine-serotonin interaction through IDO: a neurodegeneration hypothesis of depression. <i>Med. Hypotheses<\/i>, <b>61<\/b>, 519\u2013525 (2003).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00207-X"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) M\u00fcller N, Schwarz MJ. The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: towards an integrated view of depression. <i>Mol. Psychiatry<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 988\u20131000 (2007).","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002006"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Stone TW, Darlington LG. Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development. <i>Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.<\/i>, <b>1<\/b>, 609\u2013620 (2002).","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd870"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Wichers MC, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Verkerk R, Scharpe S, Maes M. IDO and interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms: a shift in hypothesis from tryptophan depletion to neurotoxicity. <i>Mol. Psychiatry<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, 538\u2013544 (2005).","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001600"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Morimoto Y, Zhang Q, Adachi K. Quinolinic acid decreases mental activity in mice by damaging brain neurons through the activation of <i>N<\/i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: proposed relationship to human mental fatigue. <i>J. Health Sci.<\/i>, <b>57<\/b>, 153\u2013163 (2011).","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.57.153"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Zhang XD, Chen BC, Dong QT, Andersson R, Pan XD, Tan SJ, Ye XZ, Yao JG, Yu Z. Establishment and assessments of a new model for the postoperative fatigue syndrome by major small intestinal resection in rats. <i>Scand. J. Gastroenterol.<\/i>, <b>46<\/b>, 1302\u20131309 (2011).","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.610001"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Zhuang CL, Mao XY, Liu S, Chen WZ, Huang DD, Zhang CJ, Chen BC, Shen X, Yu Z. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves postoperative fatigue syndrome by reducing skeletal muscle oxidative stress through activation of the PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway in aged rats. <i>Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, <b>740<\/b>, 480\u2013487 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.06.040"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Chen J, Kitanishi T, Ikeda T, Matsuki N, Yamada MK. Contextual learning induces an increase in the number of hippocampal CA1 neurons expressing high levels of BDNF. <i>Neurobiol. Learn. Mem.<\/i>, <b>88<\/b>, 409\u2013415 (2007).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2007.07.009"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Walsh RN, Cummins RA. The Open-Field Test: a critical review. <i>Psychol. Bull.<\/i>, <b>83<\/b>, 482\u2013504 (1976).","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.3.482"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. <i>Nat. Protoc.<\/i>, <b>3<\/b>, 1101\u20131108 (2008).","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Xiang ZY, Tang AG, Ren YP, Zhou QX, Luo XB. Simultaneous determination of serum tryptophan metabolites in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. <i>Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.<\/i>, <b>48<\/b>, 513\u2013517 (2010).","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.105"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Ye Y, Wang G, Wang H, Wang X. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) infusion restored astrocytic plasticity in the hippocampus of a rat model of depression. <i>Neurosci. Lett.<\/i>, <b>503<\/b>, 15\u201319 (2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.055"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Hovens IB, Schoemaker RG, van der Zee EA, Heineman E, Nyakas C, van Leeuwen BL. Surgery-induced behavioral changes in aged rats. <i>Exp. Gerontol.<\/i>, <b>48<\/b>, 1204\u20131211 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2013.07.011"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Prut L, Belzung C. The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. <i>Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, <b>463<\/b>, 3\u201333 (2003).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01272-X"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Dantzer R. Cytokine, sickness behavior, and depression. <i>Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am.<\/i>, <b>29<\/b>, 247\u2013264 (2009).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2009.02.002"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Huang Y, Henry CJ, Dantzer R, Johnson RW, Godbout JP. Exaggerated sickness behavior and brain proinflammatory cytokine expression in aged mice in response to intracerebroventricular lipopolysaccharide. <i>Neurobiol. Aging<\/i>, <b>29<\/b>, 1744\u20131753 (2008).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.012"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Toro C, Deakin JF. NMDA receptor subunit NRI and postsynaptic protein PSD-95 in hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorder. <i>Schizophr. Res.<\/i>, <b>80<\/b>, 323\u2013330 (2005).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.07.003"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Andin\u00e9 P, Jacobson I, Hagberg H. Enhanced calcium uptake by CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites in the postischemic phase despite subnormal evoked field potentials: excitatory amino acid receptor dependency and relationship to neuronal damage. <i>J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab.<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 773\u2013783 (1992).","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.108"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Dale WE, Dang Y, Brown OR. Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway in rat brain and liver slices. <i>Free Radic. Biol. Med.<\/i>, <b>29<\/b>, 191\u2013198 (2000).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00341-5"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Russo S, Kema IP, Fokkema MR, Boon JC, Willemse PH, de Vries EG, den Boer JA, Korf J. Tryptophan as a link between psychopathology and somatic states. <i>Psychosom. Med.<\/i>, <b>65<\/b>, 665\u2013671 (2003).","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000078188.74020.CC"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"37) Dong QT, Zhou F, Yu Z, Tan SJ, Wang Q, Zhang XD. Association of the changes of central serotonin and peripheral blood free amino acids with postoperative fatigue after abdominal surgery. <i>Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi<\/i>, <b>14<\/b>, 968\u2013972 (2011)."},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. <i>Nat. Neurosci.<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, 1387\u20131394 (2007).","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Kim SU, de Vellis J. Microglia in health and disease. <i>J. Neurosci. Res.<\/i>, <b>81<\/b>, 302\u2013313 (2005).","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20562"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Santamar\u00eda A, Galv\u00e1n-Arzate S, Lis\u00fd V, Ali SF, Duhart HM, Osorio-Rico L, Rios C, Sut\u2019astn\u00fd F. Quinolinic acid induces oxidative stress in rat brain synaptosomes. <i>Neuroreport<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 871\u2013874 (2001).","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200103260-00049"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Owe-Young R, Webster NL, Mukhtar M, Pomerantz RJ, Smythe G, Walker D, Armati PJ, Crowe SM, Brew BJ. Kynurenine pathway metabolism in human blood\u2013brain-barrier cells: implications for immune tolerance and neurotoxicity. <i>J. Neurochem.<\/i>, <b>105<\/b>, 1346\u20131357 (2008).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05241.x"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Stone TW. Inhibitors of the kynurenine pathway. <i>Eur. J. Med. Chem.<\/i>, <b>35<\/b>, 179\u2013186 (2000).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0223-5234(00)00121-5"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Hwang YP, Jeong HG. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress by increasing heme oxygenase-1 expression through an estrogen receptor-related PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2-dependent pathway in human dopaminergic cells. <i>Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.<\/i>, <b>242<\/b>, 18\u201328 (2010).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.09.009"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Zhu J, Jiang Y, Wu L, Lu T, Xu G, Liu X. Suppression of local inflammation contributes to the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats with cerebral ischemia. <i>Neuroscience<\/i>, <b>202<\/b>, 342\u2013351 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.11.070"}],"container-title":["Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/38\/2\/38_b14-00599\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T07:42:43Z","timestamp":1566286963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/38\/2\/38_b14-00599\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b14-00599","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-6158","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}