{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:03:34Z","timestamp":1792105414041,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biol. Pharm. Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T22:59:01Z","timestamp":1467327541000},"page":"1195-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Analysis of Staphylococcal Toxins and Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1248","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Sciences, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Shirakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Showa University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Takuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Ugajin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Showa University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Fukuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Showa University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Niki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Sciences, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"163","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Cosgrove SE, Sakoulas G, Perencevich EN, Schwaber MJ, Karchmer AW, Carmeli Y. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 36<\/b>, 53\u201359 (2003).","DOI":"10.1086\/345476"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Gasch O, Camoez M, Dominguez MA, Padilla B, Pintado V, Almirante B, Molina J, Lopez-Medrano F, Ruiz E, Martinez JA, Bereciartua E, Rodriguez-Lopez F, Fernandez-Mazarrasa C, Goenaga MA, Benito N, Rodriguez-Ba\u00f1o J, Espejo E, Pujol M, REIPI\/GEIH Study Groups. Predictive factors for mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> bloodstream infection: impact on outcome of host, microorganism and therapy. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.<\/i>, 19<\/b>, 1049\u20131057 (2013).","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12108"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Rybak M, Lomaestro B, Rotschafer JC, Moellering R Jr, Craig W, Billeter M, Dalovisio JR, Levine DP. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: a consensus review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm.<\/i>, 66<\/b>, 82\u201398 (2009).","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080434"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, Daum RS, Fridkin SK, Gorwitz RJ, Kaplan SL, Karchmer AW, Levine DP, Murray BE, J Rybak M, Talan DA, Chambers HF, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infections in adults and children. Clin. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 52<\/b>, e18\u2013e55 (2011).","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) van Hal SJ, Lodise TP, Paterson DL. The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 54<\/b>, 755\u2013771 (2012).","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir935"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Mavros MN, Tansarli GS, Vardakas KZ, Rafailidis PI, Karageorgopoulos DE, Falagas ME. Impact of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on clinical outcomes of patients with vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infections: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents<\/i>, 40<\/b>, 496\u2013509 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.023"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Jacob JT, DiazGranados CA. High vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and clinical outcomes in adults with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infections: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 17<\/b>, e93\u2013e100 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.08.005"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Kalil AC, Van Schooneveld TC, Fey PD, Rupp ME. Association between vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and mortality among patients with Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA<\/i>, 312<\/b>, 1552\u20131564 (2014).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.6364"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Shoji H, Maeda M, Shirakura T, Takuma T, Ugajin K, Fukuchi K, Ishino K, Niki Y. More accurate measurement of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration indicates poor outcomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> bacteraemia. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents<\/i>, 46<\/b>, 532\u2013537 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.013"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Kadariya J, Smith TC, Thapaliya D. Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> and staphylococcal food\u2013borne disease: an ongoing challenge in public health. Biomed. Res. Int.<\/i>, 827965 (2014).","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/827965"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Bergdoll MS, Crass BA, Reiser RF, Robbins RN, Davis JP. A new staphylococcal enterotoxin, enterotoxin F, associated with toxic-shock-syndrome Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> isolates. Lancet<\/i>, 317<\/b>, 1017\u20131021 (1981).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92186-3"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Vandenesch F, Naimi T, Enright MC, Lina G, Nimmo GR, Heffernan H, Liassine N, Bes M, Greenland T, Reverdy ME, Etienne J. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> carrying Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence. Emerg. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 9<\/b>, 978\u2013984 (2003).","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030089"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Gillet Y, Vanhems P, Lina G, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Floret D, Etienne J. Factors predicting mortality in necrotizing community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> containing Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin. Clin. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 45<\/b>, 315\u2013321 (2007).","DOI":"10.1086\/519263"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infections. N. Engl. J. Med.<\/i>, 339<\/b>, 520\u2013532 (1998).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Choi YW, Kotzin B, Herron L, Callahan J, Marrack P, Kappler J. Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> toxin \u201csuperantigens\u201d with human T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/i>, 86<\/b>, 8941\u20138945 (1989).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8941"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Uchiyama T, Yan XJ, Imanishi K, Yagi J. Bacterial superantigens\u2014mechanism of T cell activation by the superantigens and their role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Microbiol. Immunol.<\/i>, 38<\/b>, 245\u2013256 (1994).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01772.x"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Schlievert PM, Jablonski LM, Roggiani M, Sadler I, Callantine S, Mitchell DT, Ohlendorf DH, Bohach GA. Pyrogenic toxin superantigen site specificity in toxic shock syndrome and food poisoning in animals. Infect. Immun.<\/i>, 68<\/b>, 3630\u20133634 (2000).","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3630-3634.2000"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Salgado-Pab\u00f3n W, Breshears L, Spaulding AR, Merriman JA, Stach CS, Horswill AR, Peterson ML, Schlievert PM. Superantigens are critical for Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infective endocarditis, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. MBio<\/i>, 4<\/b>, e00494-13 (2013).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00494-13"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J. Chronic Dis.<\/i>, 40<\/b>, 373\u2013383 (1987).","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendon\u00e7a A, Bruining H, Reinhart CK, Suter PM, Thijs LG. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med.<\/i>, 22<\/b>, 707\u2013710 (1996).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing<\/i>. M100-S23. Wayne, Pennsylvania: CLSI (2013)."},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Jarraud S, Mougel C, Thioulouse J, Lina G, Meugnier H, Forey F, Nesme X, Etienne J, Vandenesch F. Relationships between Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> genetic background, virulence factors, agr groups (alleles), and human disease. Infect. Immun.<\/i>, 70<\/b>, 631\u2013641 (2002).","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.631-641.2002"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec<\/i> element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.<\/i> Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.<\/i>, 46<\/b>, 2155\u20132161 (2002).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) van Hal SJ, Jensen SO, Vaska VL, Espedido BA, Paterson DL, Gosbell IB. Predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Bacteremia. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.<\/i>, 25<\/b>, 362\u2013386 (2012).","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05022-11"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"25) Park KH, Chong YP, Kim SH, Lee SO, Choi SH, Lee MS, Jeong JY, Woo JH, Kim YS. Community-associated MRSA strain ST72-SCCmecIV causing bloodstream infections: clinical outcomes and bacterial virulence factors. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.<\/i>, 70<\/b>, 1185\u20131192 (2015)."},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Kang CK, Cho JE, Choi YJ, Jung Y, Kim NH, Kim CJ, Kim TS, Song KH, Choe PG, Park WB, Bang JH, Kim ES, Park KU, Park SW, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Kim HB. agr dysfunction affects staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type-dependent clinical outcomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> bacteremia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.<\/i>, 59<\/b>, 3125\u20133132 (2015).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04962-14"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Chong YP, Park KH, Kim ES, Kim MN, Kim SH, Lee SO, Choi SH, Jeong JY, Woo JH, Kim YS. Clinical and microbiologic analysis of the risk factors for mortality in patients with heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> bacteremia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.<\/i>, 59<\/b>, 3541\u20133547 (2015).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04765-14"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Parsonnet J, Goering RV, Hansmann MA, Jones MB, Ohtagaki K, Davis CC, Totsuka K. Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> and antibody to TSST-1 among healthy Japanese women. J. Clin. Microbiol.<\/i>, 46<\/b>, 2731\u20132738 (2008).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00228-08"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Yanagisawa C, Hanaki H, Natae T, Sunakawa K. Neutralization of staphylococcal exotoxins in vitro<\/i> by human-origin intravenous immunoglobulin. J. Infect. Chemother.<\/i>, 13<\/b>, 368\u2013372 (2007).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-007-0551-6"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Stevens DL, Ma Y, Salmi DB, McIndoo E, Wallace RJ, Bryant AE. Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.<\/i> J. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 195<\/b>, 202\u2013211 (2007).","DOI":"10.1086\/510396"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Smith K, Gould KA, Ramage G, Gemmell CG, Hinds J, Lang S. Influence of tigecycline on expression of virulence factors in biofilm-associated cells of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.<\/i>, 54<\/b>, 380\u2013387 (2010).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00155-09"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Ferry T, Thomas D, Genestier AL, Bes M, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Etienne J. Comparative prevalence of superantigen genes in Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> isolates causing sepsis with and without septic shock. Clin. Infect. Dis.<\/i>, 41<\/b>, 771\u2013777 (2005).","DOI":"10.1086\/432798"}],"container-title":["Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/39\/7\/39_b16-00255\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T17:33:35Z","timestamp":1498325615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/39\/7\/39_b16-00255\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b16-00255","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-6158","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}