{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:58:02Z","timestamp":1786471082679,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biol. Pharm. Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,31]],"date-time":"2017-12-31T22:20:56Z","timestamp":1514758856000},"page":"73-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of Antimelanogenic Activity and Mechanism of Galangin &lt;i&gt;in Silico&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in Vivo&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.1248","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ki Wung","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong Oh","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pusoon","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Inje University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Young","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Ryong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"163","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Lu YH, Lin-Tao, T, Wang ZT, Wei DZ, Xiang HB. Mechanism and inhibitory effect of galangin and its flavonoid mixture from <i>Alpinia officinarum<\/i> on mushroom tyrosinase and B16 murine melanoma cells. <i>J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.<\/i>, <b>22<\/b>, 433\u2013438 (2007).","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360601141562"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Cushnie TP, Lamb AJ. Assessment of the antibacterial activity of galangin against 4-quinolone resistant strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>. <i>Phytomedicine<\/i>, <b>13<\/b>, 187\u2013191 (2006).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.07.003"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Hewage SRKM, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Cha JW, Han X, Choi YH, Chae S, Hyun JW. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) shields human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress. <i>Biomol. Ther.<\/i> (Seoul), <b>23<\/b>, 165\u2013173 (2015).","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2014.130"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Meyer JJ, Afolayan AJ, Taylor MB, Erasmus D. Antiviral activity of galangin isolated from the aerial parts of <i>Helichrysum aureonitens<\/i>. <i>J. Ethnopharmacol.<\/i>, <b>56<\/b>, 165\u2013169 (1997).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)01514-6"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Sivakumar AS, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV. Dose-dependent effect of galangin on fructose-mediated insulin resistance and oxidative events in rat kidney. <i>Redox Rep.<\/i>, <b>15<\/b>, 224\u2013232 (2010).","DOI":"10.1179\/135100010X12826446921545"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Zhang W, Tang B, Huang Q, Hua Z. Galangin inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma. <i>J. Cell. Biochem.<\/i>, <b>114<\/b>, 152\u2013161 (2013).","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24312"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Han MA, Lee DH, Woo SM, Seo BR, Min KJ, Kim S, Park JW, Kim SH, Choi YH, Kwon TK. Galangin sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in renal carcinoma Caki cells. <i>Sci. Rep.<\/i>, <b>6<\/b>, 18642 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18642"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Brenner M, Hearing VJ. The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin. <i>Photochem. Photobiol.<\/i>, <b>84<\/b>, 539\u2013549 (2008).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Slominski RM, Zmijewski MA, Slominski AT. The role of melanin pigment in melanoma. <i>Exp. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>24<\/b>, 258\u2013259 (2015).","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12618"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10) Ebanks JP, Wickett RR, Boissy RE. Mechanisms regulating skin pigmentation: the rise and fall of complexion coloration. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, 4066\u20134087 (2009)."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S, Wortsman J. Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. <i>Physiol. Rev.<\/i>, <b>84<\/b>, 1155\u20131228 (2004).","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2003"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Chang TS. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, 2440\u20132475 (2009).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10062440"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Videira IF, Moura DF, Magina S. Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis. <i>An. Bras. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>88<\/b>, 76\u201383 (2013).","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962013000100009"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Gillbro JM, Olsson MJ. The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents\u2014existing and new approaches. <i>Int. J. Cosmet. Sci.<\/i>, <b>33<\/b>, 210\u2013221 (2011).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15) Ismaya WT, Rozeboom HJ, Weijn A, Mes JJ, Fusetti F, Wichers HJ, Dijkstra BW. Crystal structure of <i>Agaricus bisporus<\/i> mushroom tyrosinase: identity of the tetramer subunits and interaction with tropolone. <i>Biochemistry<\/i>, <b>50<\/b>, 5477\u20135486 (2011)."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Matsuda H, Nakashima S, Oda Y, Nakamura S, Yoshikawa M. Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of <i>Alpinia officinarum<\/i> in B16 melanoma cells. <i>Bioorg. Med. Chem.<\/i>, <b>17<\/b>, 6048\u20136053 (2009).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.06.057"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17) Kitchen DB, Decornez H, Furr JR, Bajorath J. Docking and scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery: methods and applications. <i>Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.<\/i>, <b>3<\/b>, 935\u2013949 (2004)."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Alonso H, Bliznyuk AA, Gready JE. Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design. <i>Med. Res. Rev.<\/i>, <b>26<\/b>, 531\u2013568 (2006).","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20067"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Ha TK, Kim ME, Yoon JH, Bae SJ, Yeom J, Lee JS. Galangin induces human colon cancer cell death <i>via<\/i> the mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-dependent pathway. <i>Exp. Biol. Med.<\/i> (Maywood), <b>238<\/b>, 1047\u20131054 (2013).","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370213497882"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Gwak J, Oh J, Cho M, Bae SK, Song IS, Liu KH, Jeong Y, Kim DE, Chung YH, Oh S. Galangin suppresses the proliferation of beta-catenin response transcription-positive cancer cells by promoting adenomatous polyposis coli\/Axin\/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta-independent beta-catenin degradation. <i>Mol. Pharmacol.<\/i>, <b>79<\/b>, 1014\u20131022 (2011).","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.110.069591"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Chung KW, Park YJ, Choi YJ, Park MH, Ha YM, Uehara Y, Yoon JH, Chun P, Moon HR, Chung HY. Evaluation of <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i> anti-melanogenic activity of a newly synthesized strong tyrosinase inhibitor (<i>E<\/i>)-3-(2,4 dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (3-DBP). <i>Biochim. Biophys. Acta<\/i>, <b>1820<\/b>, 962\u2013969 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.03.018"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Chung KW, Jeong HO, Jang EJ, Choi YJ, Kim DH, Kim SR, Lee KJ, Lee HJ, Chun P, Byun Y, Moon HR, Chung HY. Characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of melanogenesis that inhibits tyrosinase activity and scavenges nitric oxide (NO). <i>Biochim. Biophys. Acta<\/i>, <b>1830<\/b>, 4752\u20134761 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.06.002"}],"container-title":["Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/41\/1\/41_b17-00597\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T22:15:18Z","timestamp":1570572918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/41\/1\/41_b17-00597\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b17-00597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-6158","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}