{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:07:47Z","timestamp":1783040867755,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biol. Pharm. Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T22:05:16Z","timestamp":1599170716000},"page":"1634-1642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Galangin Reverses Hepatic Fibrosis by Inducing HSCs Apoptosis <i>via<\/i> the PI3K\/Akt, Bax\/Bcl-2, and Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway in LX-2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1248","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yuanguo","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"163","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Saxena NK, Anania FA. Adipocytokines and hepatic fibrosis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab.<\/i>, 26<\/b>, 153\u2013161 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.01.002"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Wei R, Wang J, Wang X, Xie G, Wang Y, Zhang H, Peng C, Rajani C, Kwee S, Liu P, Jia W. Clinical prediction of HBV and HCV related hepatic fibrosis using machine learning. EBioMedicine<\/i>, 35<\/b>, 124\u2013132 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.07.041"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Li H, Lan J, Han C, Guo K, Wang G, Hu J, Gong J, Luo X, Cao Z. Brg1 promotes liver fibrosis via<\/i> activation of hepatic stellate cells. Exp. Cell Res.<\/i>, 364<\/b>, 191\u2013197 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.02.003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Fagone P, Mangano K, Pesce A, Portale TR, Puleo S, Nicoletti F. Emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Drug Discov. Today<\/i>, 21<\/b>, 369\u2013375 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.10.015"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Higashi T, Friedman SL, Hoshida Y. Hepatic stellate cells as key target in liver fibrosis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.<\/i>, 121<\/b>, 27\u201342 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.05.007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Zheng H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Hua L, Xu W. Pien-Tze-Huang ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via<\/i> suppressing NF-\u03baB pathway and promoting HSC apoptosis. J. Ethnopharmacol.<\/i>, 244<\/b>, 111856 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111856"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Qiao Q, Jiang Y, Li G. Inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT-NF-kappaB pathway with curcumin enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in human Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma. J. Pharmacol. Sci.<\/i>, 121<\/b>, 247\u2013256 (2013).","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.12149FP"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Yang X, Zhao T, Feng L, Shi Y, Jiang J, Liang S, Sun B, Xu Q, Duan J, Sun Z. PM2.5-induced ADRB2 hypermethylation contributed to cardiac dysfunction through cardiomyocytes apoptosis via<\/i> PI3K\/Akt pathway. Environ. Int.<\/i>, 127<\/b>, 601\u2013614 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.03.057"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Lei Y, Wang Q, Shen L, Tao Y, Liu C. MicroRNA-101 suppresses liver fibrosis by downregulating PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol.<\/i>, 43<\/b>, 575\u2013584 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2019.02.003"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Zhu S, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Zhu Q. Abamectin induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K\/AKT signaling in MGC803 cells. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol.<\/i>, 33<\/b>, e22336 (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22336"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Wang HB, Huang SH, Xu M, Yang J, Yang J, Liu MX, Wan CX, Liao HH, Fan D, Tang QZ. Galangin ameliorates cardiac remodeling via<\/i> the MEK1\/2\u2013ERK1\/2 and PI3K\u2013AKT pathways. J. Cell. Physiol.<\/i>, 234<\/b>, 15654\u201315667 (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28216"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Jere SW, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Role of the PI3K\/AKT (mTOR and GSK-3\u03b2) signalling pathway and photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.<\/i>, 50<\/b>, 52\u201359 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Wei L, Chen Q, Guo A, Fan J, Wang R, Zhang H. Asiatic acid attenuates CCl4<\/sub> -induced liver fibrosis in rats by regulating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and Bcl-2\/Bax signaling pathways. Int. Immunopharmacol.<\/i>, 60<\/b>, 1\u20138 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.04.016"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Feng W, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun M, Niu J. Determination of galangin in rat plasma by UPLC and pharmacokinetic study. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.<\/i>, 998\u2013999<\/b>, 26\u201330 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.06.024"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15) Zhu J, Wang Q, Li H, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Omari-Siaw E, Sun C, Wei Q, Deng W, Yu J, Xu X. Galangin-loaded, liver targeting liposomes: optimization and hepatoprotective efficacy. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Tec.<\/i>, 46<\/b>, 339\u2013347 (2018)."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16) Fang D, Xiong Z, Xu J, Yin J, Luo R. Chemopreventive mechanisms of galangin against hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 109<\/b>, 2054\u20132061 (2019)."},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Huang YC, Tsai MS, Hsieh PC, Shih JH, Wang TS, Wang YC, Lin TH, Wang SH. Galangin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death in mice through inhibition of ERK and NF-kappaB signaling. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 329<\/b>, 128\u2013139 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.05.034"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18) Choi M, Lee E, Park J, Kim S, Park E, Kim H. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of galangin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia: Critical role of PPAR-\u03b3 signaling pathway. Biochem. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 144<\/b>, 120\u2013131 (2017)."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Kim HH, Bae Y, Kim SH. Galangin attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Food Chem. Toxicol.<\/i>, 57<\/b>, 209\u2013216 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.03.015"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Kim Y, Kim M, Cho H, Oh S, Lee I, Kim U, Lee K. Galangin prevents aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity by decreasing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species in mouse cochlear cultures. Toxicol. Lett.<\/i>, 245<\/b>, 78\u201385 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.01.005"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Liu C, Ma M, Zhang J, Gui S, Zhang X, Xue S. Galangin inhibits human osteosarcoma cells growth by inducing transforming growth factor-\u03b21-dependent osteogenic differentiation. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 89<\/b>, 1415\u20131421 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.030"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Zhang H, Li N, Wu J, Su L, Chen X, Lin B, Luo H. Galangin inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cells by activating AMPK via<\/i> increasing the AMP\/TAN ratio in a LKB1-independent manner. Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 718<\/b>, 235\u2013244 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.08.026"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Yu S, Gong L, Li N, Pan Y, Zhang L. Galangin (GG) combined with cisplatin (DDP) to suppress human lung cancer by inhibition of STAT3-regulated NF-\u03baB and Bcl-2\/Bax signaling pathways. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 97<\/b>, 213\u2013224 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.059"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Zou W, Xu S. Galangin inhibits the cell progression and induces cell apoptosis through activating PTEN and Caspase-3 pathways in retinoblastoma. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 97<\/b>, 851\u2013863 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.144"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Ren K, Zhang W, Wu G, Ren J, Lu H, Li Z, Han X. Synergistic anti-cancer effects of galangin and berberine through apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition in oesophageal carcinoma cells. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 84<\/b>, 1748\u20131759 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.111"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Song W, Yan C, Zhou Q, Zhen L. Galangin potentiates human breast cancer to apoptosis induced by TRAIL through activating AMPK. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 89<\/b>, 845\u2013856 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.062"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Wang Y, Wu J, Lin B, Li X, Zhang H, Ding H, Chen X, Lan L, Luo H. Galangin suppresses HepG2 cell proliferation by activating the TGF-\u03b2 receptor\/Smad pathway. Toxicology<\/i>, 326<\/b>, 9\u201317 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2014.09.010"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Mak K, Tan J, Marappan P, Balijepalli MK, Choudhury H, Ramamurthy S, Pichika MR. Galangin\u2019s potential as a functional food ingredient. J. Funct. Foods<\/i>, 46<\/b>, 490\u2013503 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.04.054"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Dong Y, Huang H, Zhao M, Sun-Waterhouse D, Lin L, Xiao C. Mechanisms underlying the xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of dietary flavonoids galangin and pinobanksin. J. Funct. Foods<\/i>, 24<\/b>, 26\u201336 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.03.021"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Tomar A, Vasisth S, Khan SI, Malik S, Nag TC, Arya DS, Bhatia J. Galangin ameliorates cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in vivo<\/i> by modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation through interplay of MAPK signaling cascade. Phytomedicine<\/i>, 34<\/b>, 154\u2013161 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.05.007"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Wang X, Gong G, Yang W, Li Y, Jiang M, Li L. Antifibrotic activity of galangin, a novel function evaluated in animal liver fibrosis model. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 36<\/b>, 288\u2013295 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.04.004"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT<\/sup> Method. Methods<\/i>, 25<\/b>, 402\u2013408 (2001).","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"33) Trautwein C, Friedman SL, Schuppan D, Pinzani M. Hepatic fibrosis: Concept to treatment. J. Hepatol.<\/i>, 62<\/b> (Suppl.), S15\u2013S24 (2015)."},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) van Grunsven LA. 3D in vitro<\/i> models of liver fibrosis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.<\/i>, 121<\/b>, 133\u2013146 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.07.004"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Roderfeld M. Matrix metalloproteinase functions in hepatic injury and fibrosis. Matrix Biol.<\/i>, 68\u201369<\/b>, 452\u2013462 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.11.011"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Gy\u00f6rfi AH, Matei A, Distler JHW. Targeting TGF-\u03b2 signaling for the treatment of fibrosis. Matrix Biol.<\/i>, 68\u201369<\/b>, 8\u201327 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.12.016"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Cheng Q, Li C, Yang C, Zhong Y, Wu D, Shi L, Chen L, Li Y, Li L. Methyl ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad and NOX4\/ROS pathways. Chem. Biol. Interact.<\/i>, 299<\/b>, 131\u2013139 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.12.006"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Hu Z, You P, Xiong S, Gao J, Tang Y, Ye X, Xia Y, Zhang D, Liu Y. Carapax Trionycis extracts inhibit fibrogenesis of activated hepatic stellate cells via<\/i> TGF-\u03b21\/Smad and NF\u03baB signaling. Biomed. Pharmacother.<\/i>, 95<\/b>, 11\u201317 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.011"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Cheng Y, Zheng H, Wang B, Xu W, Xu J, Zhu Y. Sorafenib and fluvastatin synergistically alleviate hepatic fibrosis via<\/i> inhibiting the TGF-\u03b21<\/sub>\/Smad3 pathway. Dig. Liver Dis.<\/i>, 50<\/b>, 381\u2013388 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.12.015"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Koyama Y, Brenner DA. New therapies for hepatic fibrosis. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol.<\/i>, 39<\/b> (Suppl. 1), S75\u2013S79 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.06.011"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Guo C, Xu L, He Q, Liang T, Duan X, Li R. Anti-fibrotic effects of puerarin on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats possibly through the regulation of PPAR-\u03b3 expression and inhibition of PI3K\/Akt pathway. Food Chem. Toxicol.<\/i>, 56<\/b>, 436\u2013442 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.02.051"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Li Z, Han X, Lian L, Zhao Y, Nan J. Cucurbitacin E ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in vivo<\/i> and in vitro<\/i> through activation of AMPK and blocking mTOR-dependent signaling pathway. Toxicol. Lett.<\/i>, 258<\/b>, 147\u2013158 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.06.2102"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Yu Z, Jv Y, Cai L, Tian X, Huo X, Wang C, Zhang B, Sun C, Ning J, Feng L, Zhang H, Ma X. Gambogic acid attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K\/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways via<\/i> inhibiting HSP90. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 371<\/b>, 63\u201373 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.03.028"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Chen Y, Shen J, Ma C, Cao M, Yan J, Liang J, Ke K, Cao M, Xiaosu G. Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells protect SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by PI3K\/AKT\/Bcl-2 pathway. Brain Res. Bull.<\/i>, 161<\/b>, 84\u201393 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.03.020"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) Hu L, Sun Y, Hu J. Catalpol inhibits apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelium by activating the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway and modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 628<\/b>, 155\u2013163 (2010).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.11.046"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46) Kim DA, Jeon YK, Nam MJ. Galangin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via<\/i> regulation of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and glutathione S-transferase P. Food Chem. Toxicol.<\/i>, 50<\/b>, 684\u2013688 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.11.039"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Sun H, Chen G, Wen B, Sun J, An H, Pang J, Xu W, Yang X, He S. Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and ameliorates CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis by suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. J. Pharmacol. Sci.<\/i>, 136<\/b>, 133\u2013141 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2018.01.003"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48) Tang C, Gong L, Xu L, Qiu K, Zhang Z, Wan L. Echinacoside inhibits breast cancer cells by suppressing the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.<\/i>, 526<\/b>, 170\u2013175 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.03.050"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Sferrazza G, Corti M, Brusotti G, Pierimarchi P, Temporini C, Serafino A, Calleri E. Nature-derived compounds modulating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway: a preventive and therapeutic opportunity in neoplastic diseases. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B<\/i>, (2020), in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.12.019"},{"key":"50","unstructured":"50) Lee JM, Yang J, Newell P, Singh S, Parwani A, Friedman SL, Nejak-Bowen KN, Monga SP. \u03b2-Catenin signaling in hepatocellular cancer: implications in inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation. Cancer Lett.<\/i>, 343<\/b>, 90\u201397 (2014)."},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51) Resham K, Sharma SS. Pharmacological interventions targeting Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway attenuate paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 864<\/b>, 172714 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172714"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52) Lv J, Bai R, Wang L, Gao J, Zhang H. Artesunate may inhibit liver fibrosis via<\/i> the FAK\/Akt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in LX-2 cells. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology<\/i>, 19<\/b>, 64 (2018).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0255-9"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53) Li L, Yang C, Yang J, Li H, Zhang B, Zhou H, Hu S, Wang K, Huang C, Meng X, Zhou H, Zhang L, Li J, Xu T. ZEB1 regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells through Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. Eur. J. Pharmacol.<\/i>, 865<\/b>, 172787 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172787"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54) Lin I, Chiou Y, Wu L, Tsai C, Chen C, Chuang W, Lee M, Lin C, Lin T, Chen S, Pan M, Ma N. CCM111 prevents hepatic fibrosis via<\/i> cooperative inhibition of TGF-\u03b2, Wnt and STAT3 signaling pathways. J. Food Drug Anal.<\/i>, 27<\/b>, 184\u2013194 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2018.09.008"}],"container-title":["Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/43\/11\/43_b20-00258\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T03:20:22Z","timestamp":1604719222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/43\/11\/43_b20-00258\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b20-00258","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-6158","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]}}}